degit制作git存储库的副本。当您运行degit时一些用户/一些repo，它将在https://github.com/some-user/some-repo并下载相关的tar文件到~/.degit/some user/some repo/commithash.tar.gz（如果没有）已在本地存在。（这比使用git clone快得多，因为你没有下载整个git历史记录。）

degit <https://github.com/user/repo/subdirectory> <output folder>

了解更多信息https://www.npmjs.com/package/degit

上面有很多好的想法和脚本。我情不自禁地将它们组合成一个bash脚本，并提供帮助和错误检查：

#!/bin/bash

function help {
  printf "$1
Clones a specific directory from the master branch of a git repository.

Syntax:
  $(basename $0) [--delrepo] repoUrl sourceDirectory [targetDirectory]

If targetDirectory is not specified it will be set to sourceDirectory.
Downloads a sourceDirectory from a Git repository into targetdirectory.
If targetDirectory is not specified, a directory named after `basename sourceDirectory`
will be created under the current directory.

If --delrepo is specified then the .git subdirectory in the clone will be removed after cloning.


Example 1:
Clone the tree/master/django/conf/app_template directory from the master branch of
git@github.com:django/django.git into ./app_template:

\$ $(basename $0) git@github.com:django/django.git django/conf/app_template

\$ ls app_template/django/conf/app_template/
__init__.py-tpl  admin.py-tpl  apps.py-tpl  migrations  models.py-tpl  tests.py-tpl  views.py-tpl


Example 2:
Clone the django/conf/app_template directory from the master branch of
https://github.com/django/django/tree/master/django/conf/app_template into ~/test:

\$ $(basename $0) git@github.com:django/django.git django/conf/app_template ~/test

\$ ls test/django/conf/app_template/
__init__.py-tpl  admin.py-tpl  apps.py-tpl  migrations  models.py-tpl  tests.py-tpl  views.py-tpl

"
  exit 1
}

if [ -z "$1" ]; then help "Error: repoUrl was not specified.\n"; fi
if [ -z "$2" ]; then help "Error: sourceDirectory was not specified."; fi

if [ "$1" == --delrepo ]; then
  DEL_REPO=true
  shift
fi

REPO_URL="$1"
SOURCE_DIRECTORY="$2"
if [ "$3" ]; then
  TARGET_DIRECTORY="$3"
else
  TARGET_DIRECTORY="$(basename $2)"
fi

echo "Cloning into $TARGET_DIRECTORY"
mkdir -p "$TARGET_DIRECTORY"
cd "$TARGET_DIRECTORY"
git init
git remote add origin -f "$REPO_URL"
git config core.sparseCheckout true

echo "$SOURCE_DIRECTORY" > .git/info/sparse-checkout
git pull --depth=1 origin master

if [ "$DEL_REPO" ]; then rm -rf .git; fi

degit制作git存储库的副本。当您运行degit时一些用户/一些repo，它将在https://github.com/some-user/some-repo并下载相关的tar文件到~/.degit/some user/some repo/commithash.tar.gz（如果没有）已在本地存在。（这比使用git clone快得多，因为你没有下载整个git历史记录。）

degit <https://github.com/user/repo/subdirectory> <output folder>

了解更多信息https://www.npmjs.com/package/degit

它对我有用-（git版本2.35.1）

git init
git remote add origin <YourRepoUrl>
git config core.sparseCheckout true
git sparse-checkout set <YourSubfolderName>
git pull origin <YourBranchName>

git init <repo>
cd <repo>
git remote add origin <url>
git config core.sparsecheckout true
echo "<path you want to clone>/*" >> .git/info/sparse-checkout
git pull --depth=1 origin <branch you want to fetch>

仅从此回购中克隆Jetsurvey文件夹的示例

git init MyFolder
cd MyFolder 
git remote add origin git@github.com:android/compose-samples.git
git config core.sparsecheckout true
echo "Jetsurvey/*" >> .git/info/sparse-checkout
git pull --depth=1 origin main

对于macOS用户

对于zsh用户（特别是macOS用户）使用ssh克隆Repos，我只需要根据@Ciro Santilli的回答创建一个zsh命令：

要求：git的版本很重要。由于--sparse选项，它在2.25.1上不起作用。尝试将git升级到最新版本。（例如测试2.36.1）

示例用法：

git clone git@github.com:google-research/google-research.git etcmodel

代码：

function gitclone {
    readonly repo_root=${1?Usage: gitclone repo.git sub_dir}
    readonly repo_sub=${2?Usage: gitclone repo.git sub_dir}
    echo "-- Cloning $repo_root/$repo_sub"
    git clone \
      --depth 1 \
      --filter=tree:0 \
      --sparse \
      $repo_root \
    ;
    repo_folder=${repo_root#*/}
    repo_folder=${repo_folder%.*}
    cd $repo_folder
    git sparse-checkout set $repo_sub
    cd -
}


gitclone "$@"