这些代码在我的Ubuntu盒子上运行：

echo -e "\x1B[31m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[32m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[96m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;96m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;95m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;94m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;93m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;91m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;90m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;89m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;36m foobar \x1B[0m"

这将以不同的颜色打印字母a、b、c、d：

echo -e "\x1B[0;93m a \x1B[0m b \x1B[0;92m c \x1B[0;93m d \x1B[0;94m"

对于循环：

for (( i = 0; i < 17; i++ )); 
do echo "$(tput setaf $i)This is ($i) $(tput sgr0)"; 
done

其他的答案已经很好地解释了如何做到这一点。我仍然缺少的是对颜色代码的一个精心安排的概述。维基百科文章“ANSI转义码”对此非常有用。然而，由于颜色通常可以在每个终端中进行配置，并且看起来不同，所以我更希望有一个可以在终端中调用的功能。为此，我创建了以下函数来显示颜色表，并提醒我如何设置它们（排列方式受wiki文章的启发）。例如，您可以将它们加载到.bashrc/.zshrc中，或将它们作为脚本放在某处。

256色

由bash/zsh脚本生成：

function showcolors256() {
    local row col blockrow blockcol red green blue
    local showcolor=_showcolor256_${1:-bg}
    local white="\033[1;37m"
    local reset="\033[0m"

    echo -e "Set foreground color: \\\\033[38;5;${white}NNN${reset}m"
    echo -e "Set background color: \\\\033[48;5;${white}NNN${reset}m"
    echo -e "Reset color & style:  \\\\033[0m"
    echo

    echo 16 standard color codes:
    for row in {0..1}; do
        for col in {0..7}; do
            $showcolor $(( row*8 + col )) $row
        done
        echo
    done
    echo

    echo 6·6·6 RGB color codes:
    for blockrow in {0..2}; do
        for red in {0..5}; do
            for blockcol in {0..1}; do
                green=$(( blockrow*2 + blockcol ))
                for blue in {0..5}; do
                    $showcolor $(( red*36 + green*6 + blue + 16 )) $green
                done
                echo -n "  "
            done
            echo
        done
        echo
    done

    echo 24 grayscale color codes:
    for row in {0..1}; do
        for col in {0..11}; do
            $showcolor $(( row*12 + col + 232 )) $row
        done
        echo
    done
    echo
}

function _showcolor256_fg() {
    local code=$( printf %03d $1 )
    echo -ne "\033[38;5;${code}m"
    echo -nE " $code "
    echo -ne "\033[0m"
}

function _showcolor256_bg() {
    if (( $2 % 2 == 0 )); then
        echo -ne "\033[1;37m"
    else
        echo -ne "\033[0;30m"
    fi
    local code=$( printf %03d $1 )
    echo -ne "\033[48;5;${code}m"
    echo -nE " $code "
    echo -ne "\033[0m"
}

16种颜色

由bash/zsh脚本生成：

function showcolors16() {
    _showcolor "\033[0;30m" "\033[1;30m" "\033[40m" "\033[100m"
    _showcolor "\033[0;31m" "\033[1;31m" "\033[41m" "\033[101m"
    _showcolor "\033[0;32m" "\033[1;32m" "\033[42m" "\033[102m"
    _showcolor "\033[0;33m" "\033[1;33m" "\033[43m" "\033[103m"
    _showcolor "\033[0;34m" "\033[1;34m" "\033[44m" "\033[104m"
    _showcolor "\033[0;35m" "\033[1;35m" "\033[45m" "\033[105m"
    _showcolor "\033[0;36m" "\033[1;36m" "\033[46m" "\033[106m"
    _showcolor "\033[0;37m" "\033[1;37m" "\033[47m" "\033[107m"
}

function _showcolor() {
    for code in $@; do
        echo -ne "$code"
        echo -nE "   $code"
        echo -ne "   \033[0m  "
    done
    echo
}

我对托拜厄斯回答的重复：

# Color
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[0;33m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color

function red {
    printf "${RED}$@${NC}\n"
}

function green {
    printf "${GREEN}$@${NC}\n"
}

function yellow {
    printf "${YELLOW}$@${NC}\n"
}

如果您使用zsh或bash

black() {
    echo -e "\e[30m${1}\e[0m"
}

red() {
    echo -e "\e[31m${1}\e[0m"
}

green() {
    echo -e "\e[32m${1}\e[0m"
}

yellow() {
    echo -e "\e[33m${1}\e[0m"
}

blue() {
    echo -e "\e[34m${1}\e[0m"
}

magenta() {
    echo -e "\e[35m${1}\e[0m"
}

cyan() {
    echo -e "\e[36m${1}\e[0m"
}

gray() {
    echo -e "\e[90m${1}\e[0m"
}

black 'BLACK'
red 'RED'
green 'GREEN'
yellow 'YELLOW'
blue 'BLUE'
magenta 'MAGENTA'
cyan 'CYAN'
gray 'GRAY'

联机尝试

到目前为止，我最喜欢的答案是彩色回声。

为了发布另一个选项，您可以查看这个小工具xcol

https://ownyourbits.com/2017/01/23/colorize-your-stdout-with-xcol/

您可以像grep一样使用它，例如，它会为每个参数用不同的颜色来着色其stdin

sudo netstat -putan | xcol httpd sshd dnsmasq pulseaudio conky tor Telegram firefox "[[:digit:]]+\.[[:digit:]]+\.[[:digit:]]+\.[[:digit:]]+" ":[[:digit:]]+" "tcp." "udp." LISTEN ESTABLISHED TIME_WAIT

注意，它接受sed将接受的任何正则表达式。

此工具使用以下定义

#normal=$(tput sgr0)                      # normal text
normal=$'\e[0m'                           # (works better sometimes)
bold=$(tput bold)                         # make colors bold/bright
red="$bold$(tput setaf 1)"                # bright red text
green=$(tput setaf 2)                     # dim green text
fawn=$(tput setaf 3); beige="$fawn"       # dark yellow text
yellow="$bold$fawn"                       # bright yellow text
darkblue=$(tput setaf 4)                  # dim blue text
blue="$bold$darkblue"                     # bright blue text
purple=$(tput setaf 5); magenta="$purple" # magenta text
pink="$bold$purple"                       # bright magenta text
darkcyan=$(tput setaf 6)                  # dim cyan text
cyan="$bold$darkcyan"                     # bright cyan text
gray=$(tput setaf 7)                      # dim white text
darkgray="$bold"$(tput setaf 0)           # bold black = dark gray text
white="$bold$gray"                        # bright white text

我像这样在脚本中使用这些变量

echo "${red}hello ${yellow}this is ${green}coloured${normal}"

可以使用以下ANSI转义码：

Black        0;30     Dark Gray     1;30
Red          0;31     Light Red     1;31
Green        0;32     Light Green   1;32
Brown/Orange 0;33     Yellow        1;33
Blue         0;34     Light Blue    1;34
Purple       0;35     Light Purple  1;35
Cyan         0;36     Light Cyan    1;36
Light Gray   0;37     White         1;37

然后在脚本中这样使用它们：

#    .---------- constant part!
#    vvvv vvvv-- the code from above
RED='\033[0;31m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color
printf "I ${RED}love${NC} Stack Overflow\n"

用红色印着爱。

从@james lim的评论中，如果您使用echo命令，请确保使用-e标志来允许反斜杠转义。

#    .---------- constant part!
#    vvvv vvvv-- the code from above
RED='\033[0;31m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color
echo -e "I ${RED}love${NC} Stack Overflow"

（使用echo时不要添加“\n”，除非您想添加额外的空行）