dependencyManagement和dependencies之间的区别是什么?
我在Apache Maven网站上看过文档。
在dependencyManagement下定义的依赖项似乎可以在其子模块中使用，而无需指定版本。
例如:
父项目(Pro-par)在dependencyManagement下定义了一个依赖项:
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
然后在Pro-par的子函数中，我可以使用junit:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
但是，我想知道是否有必要在父pom中定义junit ?为什么不在需要的模块中直接定义它呢?
两者之间的区别最好体现在Maven网站文档中提供的dependencyManagement元素的必要且充分的定义中:
dependencyManagement
从此继承的项目的默认依赖项信息。此部分中的依赖项不会立即解析。相反，当从这个POM派生的POM声明了一个由匹配的groupId和artifactId描述的依赖项时，如果这个节中的版本和其他值尚未指定，则将用于该依赖项。”
[https://maven.apache.org/ref/3.6.1/maven-model/maven.html]
你可以在另一页阅读更多信息:
“. .匹配依赖引用到依赖管理节的最小信息集实际上是{groupId, artifactId, type, classifier}。在许多情况下，这些依赖关系将引用不带分类器的jar工件。这允许我们将标识集简写为{groupId, artifactId}，因为类型字段的默认值是jar，默认分类器是null。[https://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-dependency-mechanism.html]
Thus, all the sub-elements (scope, exclusions etc.,) of a dependency element--other than groupId, artifactId, type, classifier, not just version--are available for lockdown/default at the point (and thus inherited from there onward) you specify the dependency within a dependencyElement. If you’d specified a dependency with the type and classifier sub-elements (see the first-cited webpage to check all sub-elements) as not jar and not null respectively, you’d need {groupId, artifactId, classifier, type} to reference (resolve) that dependency at any point in an inheritance originating from the dependencyManagement element. Else, {groupId, artifactId} would suffice if you do not intend to override the defaults for classifier and type (jar and null respectively). So default is a good keyword in that definition; any sub-element(s) (other than groupId, artifactId, classifier and type, of course) explicitly assigned value(s) at the point you reference a dependency override the defaults in the dependencyManagement element.
因此，在dependencyManagement之外的任何依赖元素，无论是作为某个dependencyManagement元素的引用，还是作为独立的依赖元素，都将立即被解析(即安装到本地存储库并可用于类路径)。
有几个答案概述了maven的< dependencies >和<dependencyManagement>标记之间的区别。
但是，下面简要阐述了几点:
<dependencyManagement> allows to consolidate all dependencies (used at child pom level) used across different modules -- clarity, central dependency version management
<dependencyManagement> allows to easily upgrade/downgrade dependencies based on need, in other scenario this needs to be exercised at every child pom level -- consistency
dependencies provided in <dependencies> tag is always imported, while dependencies provided at <dependencyManagement> in parent pom will be imported only if child pom has respective entry in its <dependencies> tag.
