这是什么?

这是一些关于在编程PHP时可能遇到的警告、错误和注意事项的答案,而不知道如何修复它们。这也是一个社区维基,所以每个人都被邀请加入和维护这个列表。

为什么会这样?

Questions like "Headers already sent" or "Calling a member of a non-object" pop up frequently on Stack Overflow. The root cause of those questions is always the same. So the answers to those questions typically repeat them and then show the OP which line to change in their particular case. These answers do not add any value to the site because they only apply to the OP's particular code. Other users having the same error cannot easily read the solution out of it because they are too localized. That is sad because once you understood the root cause, fixing the error is trivial. Hence, this list tries to explain the solution in a general way to apply.

我该怎么做呢?

如果您的问题被标记为此问题的副本,请在下面找到您的错误消息并将修复应用于您的代码。答案通常包含进一步的调查链接,以防仅从一般答案中不清楚。

如果您想投稿,请添加您“最喜欢的”错误消息、警告或通知,每个答案一条,简短描述它的含义(即使它只是突出显示手册页的术语),可能的解决方案或调试方法,以及现有的有价值的问答列表。此外,请随意改进任何现有的答案。

列表

Nothing is seen. The page is empty and white. (also known as White Page/Screen Of Death) Code doesn't run/what looks like parts of my PHP code are output Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent Warning: mysql_fetch_array() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given a.k.a. Warning: mysql_fetch_array(): supplied argument is not a valid MySQL result resource Warning: [function] expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given Warning: [function]: failed to open stream: [reason] Warning: open_basedir restriction in effect Warning: Division by zero Warning: Illegal string offset 'XXX' Warning: count(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '[' Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_XXX Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_ENCAPSED_AND_WHITESPACE Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM Parse error: syntax error, unexpected 'require_once' (T_REQUIRE_ONCE), expecting function (T_FUNCTION) Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_VARIABLE Fatal error: Allowed memory size of XXX bytes exhausted (tried to allocate XXX bytes) Fatal error: Maximum execution time of XX seconds exceeded Fatal error: Call to a member function ... on a non-object or null Fatal Error: Call to Undefined function XXX Fatal Error: Cannot redeclare XXX Fatal error: Can't use function return value in write context Fatal error: Declaration of AAA::BBB() must be compatible with that of CCC::BBB()' Return type of AAA::BBB() should either be compatible with CCC::BBB(), or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used Fatal error: Using $this when not in object context Fatal error: Object of class Closure could not be converted to string Fatal error: Undefined class constant Fatal error: Uncaught TypeError: Argument #n must be of type x, y given Notice: Array to string conversion (< PHP 8.0) or Warning: Array to string conversion (>= PHP 8.0) Notice: Trying to get property of non-object error Notice: Undefined variable or property "Notice: Undefined Index", or "Warning: Undefined array key" Notice: Undefined offset XXX [Reference] Notice: Uninitialized string offset: XXX Notice: Use of undefined constant XXX - assumed 'XXX' / Error: Undefined constant XXX MySQL: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ... at line ... Strict Standards: Non-static method [<class>::<method>] should not be called statically Warning: function expects parameter X to be boolean/string/integer HTTP Error 500 - Internal server error Deprecated: Arrays and strings offset access syntax with curly braces is deprecated

还看到:

这个符号在PHP中是什么意思?


当前回答

致命错误:允许的内存大小XXX字节已耗尽(已尝试分配XXX字节)

没有足够的内存来运行脚本。PHP已达到内存限制并停止执行。这个错误是致命的,脚本停止。内存限制的值可以在php.ini文件中配置,也可以使用ini_set('memory_limit', '128 M');在脚本中(将覆盖php.ini中定义的值)。内存限制的目的是防止一个PHP脚本占用所有可用内存,导致整个web服务器瘫痪。

The first thing to do is to minimise the amount of memory your script needs. For instance, if you're reading a large file into a variable or are fetching many records from a database and are storing them all in an array, that may use a lot of memory. Change your code to instead read the file line by line or fetch database records one at a time without storing them all in memory. This does require a bit of a conceptual awareness of what's going on behind the scenes and when data is stored in memory vs. elsewhere.

如果在脚本没有执行内存密集型工作时发生此错误,则需要检查代码以查看是否存在内存泄漏。memory_get_usage函数是您的朋友。

相关问题:

所有“Fatal error: Allowed memory size of XXX bytes exhausted”问题

其他回答

致命错误:当不在对象上下文时使用$this

$是PHP中的一个特殊变量,不能被赋值。如果在不存在该对象的上下文中访问该对象,则给出此致命错误。

此错误可能发生:

If a non-static method is called statically. Example: class Foo { protected $var; public function __construct($var) { $this->var = $var; } public static function bar () { // ^^^^^^ echo $this->var; // ^^^^^ } } Foo::bar(); How to fix: review your code again, $this can only be used in an object context, and should never be used in a static method. Also, a static method should not access the non-static property. Use self::$static_property to access the static property. If code from a class method has been copied over into a normal function or just the global scope and keeping the $this special variable. How to fix: Review the code and replace $this with a different substitution variable.

相关问题:

致命错误:当不在对象上下文中时使用$this 致命错误:当不在对象上下文中时使用$this 所有“使用$this时不在对象上下文”的问题在Stackoverflow

警告:字符串偏移量为XXX

当您尝试使用方括号语法访问数组元素时,就会发生这种情况,但您是在字符串上执行此操作,而不是在数组上执行此操作,因此该操作显然没有意义。

例子:

$var = "test";
echo $var["a_key"];

如果你认为变量应该是一个数组,看看它来自哪里并修复那里的问题。

MySQL:你的SQL语法有错误;检查手册,对应于您的MySQL服务器版本的正确语法使用近…排队……

这个错误通常是因为您忘记正确转义传递给MySQL查询的数据。

一个不应该做的事情(“坏主意”)的例子:

$query = "UPDATE `posts` SET my_text='{$_POST['text']}' WHERE id={$_GET['id']}";
mysqli_query($db, $query);

这段代码可以包含在一个表单提交的页面中,URL为http://example.com/edit.php?id=10(编辑帖子n°10)

如果提交的文本包含单引号会发生什么?$query将以:

$query = "UPDATE `posts` SET my_text='I'm a PHP newbie' WHERE id=10';

当这个查询被发送到MySQL时,它会抱怨语法错误,因为中间有一个额外的单引号。

为了避免这样的错误,在查询中使用数据之前,必须始终转义数据。

在SQL查询中使用数据之前转义数据也是非常重要的,因为如果您不这样做,您的脚本将对SQL注入开放。SQL注入可能导致记录、表或整个数据库的更改、丢失或修改。这是一个非常严重的安全问题!

文档:

如何防止PHP中的SQL注入? mysql_real_escape_string () mysqli_real_escape_string () 如何从“Bobby表”XKCD漫画的SQL注入工作? 绕过mysql_real_escape_string()的SQL注入

警告:count():参数必须是数组或实现Countable的对象

不言而喻的;传递给count()函数的参数必须是可数的,通常是数组。

可能的问题是传递了一个标量值,如字符串或整数,或者对象没有实现Countable接口。在有问题的变量上使用var_dump()可以显示是否是这种情况。

注意:试图获取非对象错误的属性

在没有对象时试图访问对象的属性时发生。

非对象通知的一个典型例子是

$users = json_decode('[{"name": "hakre"}]');
echo $users->name; # Notice: Trying to get property of non-object

在本例中,$users是一个数组(因此不是一个对象),它没有任何属性。

这类似于访问数组中不存在的索引或键(参见注意:未定义索引)。

这个例子简化了很多。大多数情况下,这样的通知表示一个未检查的返回值,例如,如果一个对象不存在,或者只是一个意外的非对象值(例如,在Xpath结果中,具有意外格式的JSON结构,具有意外格式的XML等),库将返回NULL,但代码不会检查这样的条件。

由于这些非对象通常会被进一步处理,因此在对非对象调用对象方法时经常会发生致命错误(参见:致命错误:调用成员函数…在非对象上)停止脚本。

通过检查错误条件和/或变量是否符合期望,可以很容易地防止这种情况。下面是一个带有DOMXPath示例的通知:

$result  = $xpath->query("//*[@id='detail-sections']/div[1]");
$divText = $result->item(0)->nodeValue; # Notice: Trying to get property of non-object

问题是访问第一项的nodeValue属性(字段),而没有检查它是否存在于$result集合中。相反,通过将变量分配给代码所操作的对象,可以使代码更加显式:

$result  = $xpath->query("//*[@id='detail-sections']/div[1]");
$div     = $result->item(0);
$divText = "-/-";
if (is_object($div)) {
    $divText = $div->nodeValue;
}
echo $divText;

相关的错误:

注意:未定义索引 致命错误:调用成员函数…在一个非物体上