这是什么?

这是一些关于在编程PHP时可能遇到的警告、错误和注意事项的答案,而不知道如何修复它们。这也是一个社区维基,所以每个人都被邀请加入和维护这个列表。

为什么会这样?

Questions like "Headers already sent" or "Calling a member of a non-object" pop up frequently on Stack Overflow. The root cause of those questions is always the same. So the answers to those questions typically repeat them and then show the OP which line to change in their particular case. These answers do not add any value to the site because they only apply to the OP's particular code. Other users having the same error cannot easily read the solution out of it because they are too localized. That is sad because once you understood the root cause, fixing the error is trivial. Hence, this list tries to explain the solution in a general way to apply.

我该怎么做呢?

如果您的问题被标记为此问题的副本,请在下面找到您的错误消息并将修复应用于您的代码。答案通常包含进一步的调查链接,以防仅从一般答案中不清楚。

如果您想投稿,请添加您“最喜欢的”错误消息、警告或通知,每个答案一条,简短描述它的含义(即使它只是突出显示手册页的术语),可能的解决方案或调试方法,以及现有的有价值的问答列表。此外,请随意改进任何现有的答案。

列表

Nothing is seen. The page is empty and white. (also known as White Page/Screen Of Death) Code doesn't run/what looks like parts of my PHP code are output Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent Warning: mysql_fetch_array() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given a.k.a. Warning: mysql_fetch_array(): supplied argument is not a valid MySQL result resource Warning: [function] expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given Warning: [function]: failed to open stream: [reason] Warning: open_basedir restriction in effect Warning: Division by zero Warning: Illegal string offset 'XXX' Warning: count(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '[' Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_XXX Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_ENCAPSED_AND_WHITESPACE Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM Parse error: syntax error, unexpected 'require_once' (T_REQUIRE_ONCE), expecting function (T_FUNCTION) Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_VARIABLE Fatal error: Allowed memory size of XXX bytes exhausted (tried to allocate XXX bytes) Fatal error: Maximum execution time of XX seconds exceeded Fatal error: Call to a member function ... on a non-object or null Fatal Error: Call to Undefined function XXX Fatal Error: Cannot redeclare XXX Fatal error: Can't use function return value in write context Fatal error: Declaration of AAA::BBB() must be compatible with that of CCC::BBB()' Return type of AAA::BBB() should either be compatible with CCC::BBB(), or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used Fatal error: Using $this when not in object context Fatal error: Object of class Closure could not be converted to string Fatal error: Undefined class constant Fatal error: Uncaught TypeError: Argument #n must be of type x, y given Notice: Array to string conversion (< PHP 8.0) or Warning: Array to string conversion (>= PHP 8.0) Notice: Trying to get property of non-object error Notice: Undefined variable or property "Notice: Undefined Index", or "Warning: Undefined array key" Notice: Undefined offset XXX [Reference] Notice: Uninitialized string offset: XXX Notice: Use of undefined constant XXX - assumed 'XXX' / Error: Undefined constant XXX MySQL: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ... at line ... Strict Standards: Non-static method [<class>::<method>] should not be called statically Warning: function expects parameter X to be boolean/string/integer HTTP Error 500 - Internal server error Deprecated: Arrays and strings offset access syntax with curly braces is deprecated

还看到:

这个符号在PHP中是什么意思?


当前回答

致命错误:当不在对象上下文时使用$this

$是PHP中的一个特殊变量,不能被赋值。如果在不存在该对象的上下文中访问该对象,则给出此致命错误。

此错误可能发生:

If a non-static method is called statically. Example: class Foo { protected $var; public function __construct($var) { $this->var = $var; } public static function bar () { // ^^^^^^ echo $this->var; // ^^^^^ } } Foo::bar(); How to fix: review your code again, $this can only be used in an object context, and should never be used in a static method. Also, a static method should not access the non-static property. Use self::$static_property to access the static property. If code from a class method has been copied over into a normal function or just the global scope and keeping the $this special variable. How to fix: Review the code and replace $this with a different substitution variable.

相关问题:

致命错误:当不在对象上下文中时使用$this 致命错误:当不在对象上下文中时使用$this 所有“使用$this时不在对象上下文”的问题在Stackoverflow

其他回答

警告:[function]期望参数1是给定的布尔值

(一个更通用的警告:mysql_fetch_array()期望参数1是resource,给定布尔值)

资源是PHP中的一种类型(就像字符串、整数或对象一样)。资源是一个不透明的blob,本身没有固有的有意义的值。资源特定于一组PHP函数或扩展并由其定义。例如,Mysql扩展定义了两种资源类型:

MySQL模块中使用了两种资源类型。第一个是数据库连接的链接标识符,第二个是保存查询结果的资源。

cURL扩展定义了另外两种资源类型:

... 一个卷曲手柄和一个卷曲多手柄。

当var_dump时,这些值看起来像这样:

$resource = curl_init();
var_dump($resource);

resource(1) of type (curl)

这就是大多数资源的全部,某种类型((curl))的数字标识符((1))。

您携带这些资源并将它们传递给不同的函数,这些资源对这些函数有一定的意义。通常,这些函数在后台分配特定的数据,而资源只是它们用来在内部跟踪这些数据的引用。


“…期望参数1为resource,给定布尔值”的错误通常是一个未检查的操作的结果,该操作应该创建一个资源,但却返回false。例如,fopen函数有这样的描述:

返回值 成功时返回文件指针资源,错误时返回FALSE。

因此在这段代码中,$fp要么是类型为(stream)的资源(x),要么为false:

$fp = fopen(...);

如果你没有检查fopen操作是否成功或失败,因此$fp是一个有效的资源还是假的,并将$fp传递给另一个期望资源的函数,你可能会得到上述错误:

$fp   = fopen(...);
$data = fread($fp, 1024);

Warning: fread() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given

你总是需要错误检查函数的返回值,这些函数试图分配资源,可能会失败:

$fp = fopen(...);

if (!$fp) {
    trigger_error('Failed to allocate resource');
    exit;
}

$data = fread($fp, 1024);

相关的错误:

警告:mysql_fetch_array()期望参数1是resource, boolean给定

致命错误:无法重新声明类[类名]

致命错误:无法重新声明[函数名]

这意味着您要么使用了相同的函数/类名两次,并且需要重命名其中一个,要么是因为您在应该使用require_once或include_once的地方使用了require或include。

在PHP中声明类或函数时,它是不可变的,以后不能用新值声明。

考虑下面的代码:

class.php

<?php

class MyClass
{
    public function doSomething()
    {
        // do stuff here
    }
}

index . php

<?php

function do_stuff()
{
   require 'class.php';
   $obj = new MyClass;
   $obj->doSomething();
}

do_stuff();
do_stuff();

对do_stuff()的第二次调用将产生上述错误。通过将require更改为require_once,我们可以确定包含MyClass定义的文件将只被加载一次,并且可以避免错误。

HTTP错误500 -内部服务器错误

HTTP状态代码500和典型的Apache或浏览器警告是一个非常广泛的消息。这不是实际的错误。要弄清楚是web服务器配置错误(.htaccess)还是PHP致命错误,你必须查看error.log。

你通常可以在下面找到webservers日志:

/var/log/apache2 on Linux servers, often used for local and virtual hosts. /var/www/_user12345_/logs or similar on shared hosting plans. Usually there's a logs/ directory alongside each htdocs/ folder. C:\xampp\apache\logs\error.log for WAMP/XAMPP distributions of Apache+PHP. Alternatively just use a file search feature to locate anything called "error.log". Or look into your Apache httpd.conf and its ErrorLog directive. /var/log/nginx/nginx_error.log for NGINX. C:\inetpub\logs\LogFiles for IIS. Luckily this is uncommon still, but journalctl -r -u apache2.service could also hold parts of the log on Linux setups.

它是一个文本文件。搜索与错误时间最接近的条目,并使用错误消息的重要部分(从“PHP error:…”到“in line…”)进行进一步的google搜索。

[Mon 22:10] [:error] [pid 12345] [client 127.0.0.1] FastCGI: server "/fcgi/p73" stderr: PHP message:PHP error: Unfiltered inputvariable $_JSON['pokestop_lng'] in filyfile.php on line 845

对于FPM设置,你经常会看到致命的PHP错误。而旧的mod_php(共享主机)配置经常混合警告和通知(通常也值得检查)。

如果没有配置为使用系统或Apache日志机制,您可能还需要查看PHP的error.log。一般来说,保留默认值并启用error_display + error_reporting来显示具体的错误会更简单。HTTP 500全捕获页面不过是PHP死机白屏幕的一个变种。

参见:

500内部服务器错误的php文件,而不是html 我怎么能让PHP显示错误,而不是给我500内部服务器错误 如何在IIS7上显示和记录PHP错误? 如何修复WordPress内部服务器的500个错误

已弃用:不支持使用花括号的数组和字符串偏移访问语法

在PHP 7.4.0之前,字符串偏移量和数组元素可以通过花括号{}访问:

$string = 'abc';
echo $string{0};  // a

$array = [1, 2, 3];
echo $array{0};  // 1

自PHP 7.4.0起已弃用,并生成一个警告:

已弃用:不支持使用花括号的数组和字符串偏移访问语法

你必须使用方括号[]来访问字符串偏移量和数组元素:

$string = 'abc';
echo $string[0];  // a

$array = [1, 2, 3];
echo $array[0];  // 1

此更改的RFC链接到一个PHP脚本,该脚本试图机械地修复此问题。

致命错误:当不在对象上下文时使用$this

$是PHP中的一个特殊变量,不能被赋值。如果在不存在该对象的上下文中访问该对象,则给出此致命错误。

此错误可能发生:

If a non-static method is called statically. Example: class Foo { protected $var; public function __construct($var) { $this->var = $var; } public static function bar () { // ^^^^^^ echo $this->var; // ^^^^^ } } Foo::bar(); How to fix: review your code again, $this can only be used in an object context, and should never be used in a static method. Also, a static method should not access the non-static property. Use self::$static_property to access the static property. If code from a class method has been copied over into a normal function or just the global scope and keeping the $this special variable. How to fix: Review the code and replace $this with a different substitution variable.

相关问题:

致命错误:当不在对象上下文中时使用$this 致命错误:当不在对象上下文中时使用$this 所有“使用$this时不在对象上下文”的问题在Stackoverflow