我有这个多行字符串(包括引号):

abc'asdf"
$(dont-execute-this)
foo"bar"''

我将如何分配它到一个变量使用heredoc在Bash?

我需要保留换行符。

我不想转义字符串中的字符,这将是恼人的…


当前回答

感谢dimo414的回答,这展示了他的伟大解决方案是如何工作的,并表明你可以在文本中轻松地使用引号和变量:

示例输出

$ ./test.sh

The text from the example function is:
  Welcome dev: Would you "like" to know how many 'files' there are in /tmp?

  There are "      38" files in /tmp, according to the "wc" command

test.sh

#!/bin/bash

function text1()
{
  COUNT=$(\ls /tmp | wc -l)
cat <<EOF

  $1 Would you "like" to know how many 'files' there are in /tmp?

  There are "$COUNT" files in /tmp, according to the "wc" command

EOF
}

function main()
{
  OUT=$(text1 "Welcome dev:")
  echo "The text from the example function is: $OUT"
}

main

其他回答

将heredoc值赋给变量

VAR="$(cat <<'VAREOF'
abc'asdf"
$(dont-execute-this)
foo"bar"''
VAREOF
)"

用作命令的参数

echo "$(cat <<'SQLEOF'
xxx''xxx'xxx'xx  123123    123123
abc'asdf"
$(dont-execute-this)
foo"bar"''
SQLEOF
)"

从尼尔的回答来看,你通常根本不需要var,你可以像使用变量一样使用函数,而且它比内联或基于读取的解决方案更容易读取。

$ complex_message() {
  cat <<'EOF'
abc'asdf"
$(dont-execute-this)
foo"bar"''
EOF
}

$ echo "This is a $(complex_message)"
This is a abc'asdf"
$(dont-execute-this)
foo"bar"''

这里有一种非常优雅的方法,可以避免uoc:

  VAR=$(sed -e 's/[ ]*\| //g' -e '1d;$d' <<'--------------------'
      | 
      | <!DOCTYPE html>
      | <html>
      |   <head>
      |     <script src='script.js'></script>
      |   </head>
      |   <body>
      |     <span id='hello-world'></span>
      |   </body>
      | </html>
      | 
--------------------
    )

'|'字符定义了空白,打印的字符串中只尊重空白右侧的空白。'1d;$d'去掉第一行和最后一行,它们只是作为内容周围的上下边距添加的。所有内容都可以缩进到您喜欢的任何级别,除了HEREDOC分隔符,在本例中它只是一堆连字符。

echo "$VAR"

# prints

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <script src='script.js'></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <span id='hello-world'></span>
  </body>
</html>
$TEST="ok"
read MYTEXT <<EOT
this bash trick
should preserve
newlines $TEST
long live perl
EOT
echo -e $MYTEXT

使用$()将cat的输出赋值给你的变量,如下所示:

VAR=$(cat <<'END_HEREDOC'
abc'asdf"
$(dont-execute-this)
foo"bar"''
END_HEREDOC
)

# this will echo variable with new lines intact
echo "$VAR"
# this will echo variable without new lines (changed to space character)
echo $VAR

确保从END_HEREDOC开始用单引号分隔。

注意,结束括号分隔符END_HEREDOC必须单独在一行上(因此结束括号在下一行上)。

感谢@ephemient的回答。