有一个专门的函数。它被称为numpy.pad

a = np.array([[1,2,3], [2,3,4]])
b = np.pad(a, ((0, 0), (0, 1)), mode='constant', constant_values=0)
print b
>>> array([[1, 2, 3, 0],
           [2, 3, 4, 0]])

以下是它在文档字符串中所说的:

Pads an array.

Parameters
----------
array : array_like of rank N
    Input array
pad_width : {sequence, array_like, int}
    Number of values padded to the edges of each axis.
    ((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N)) unique pad widths
    for each axis.
    ((before, after),) yields same before and after pad for each axis.
    (pad,) or int is a shortcut for before = after = pad width for all
    axes.
mode : str or function
    One of the following string values or a user supplied function.

    'constant'
        Pads with a constant value.
    'edge'
        Pads with the edge values of array.
    'linear_ramp'
        Pads with the linear ramp between end_value and the
        array edge value.
    'maximum'
        Pads with the maximum value of all or part of the
        vector along each axis.
    'mean'
        Pads with the mean value of all or part of the
        vector along each axis.
    'median'
        Pads with the median value of all or part of the
        vector along each axis.
    'minimum'
        Pads with the minimum value of all or part of the
        vector along each axis.
    'reflect'
        Pads with the reflection of the vector mirrored on
        the first and last values of the vector along each
        axis.
    'symmetric'
        Pads with the reflection of the vector mirrored
        along the edge of the array.
    'wrap'
        Pads with the wrap of the vector along the axis.
        The first values are used to pad the end and the
        end values are used to pad the beginning.
    <function>
        Padding function, see Notes.
stat_length : sequence or int, optional
    Used in 'maximum', 'mean', 'median', and 'minimum'.  Number of
    values at edge of each axis used to calculate the statistic value.

    ((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N)) unique statistic
    lengths for each axis.

    ((before, after),) yields same before and after statistic lengths
    for each axis.

    (stat_length,) or int is a shortcut for before = after = statistic
    length for all axes.

    Default is ``None``, to use the entire axis.
constant_values : sequence or int, optional
    Used in 'constant'.  The values to set the padded values for each
    axis.

    ((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N)) unique pad constants
    for each axis.

    ((before, after),) yields same before and after constants for each
    axis.

    (constant,) or int is a shortcut for before = after = constant for
    all axes.

    Default is 0.
end_values : sequence or int, optional
    Used in 'linear_ramp'.  The values used for the ending value of the
    linear_ramp and that will form the edge of the padded array.

    ((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N)) unique end values
    for each axis.

    ((before, after),) yields same before and after end values for each
    axis.

    (constant,) or int is a shortcut for before = after = end value for
    all axes.

    Default is 0.
reflect_type : {'even', 'odd'}, optional
    Used in 'reflect', and 'symmetric'.  The 'even' style is the
    default with an unaltered reflection around the edge value.  For
    the 'odd' style, the extented part of the array is created by
    subtracting the reflected values from two times the edge value.

Returns
-------
pad : ndarray
    Padded array of rank equal to `array` with shape increased
    according to `pad_width`.

Notes
-----
.. versionadded:: 1.7.0

For an array with rank greater than 1, some of the padding of later
axes is calculated from padding of previous axes.  This is easiest to
think about with a rank 2 array where the corners of the padded array
are calculated by using padded values from the first axis.

The padding function, if used, should return a rank 1 array equal in
length to the vector argument with padded values replaced. It has the
following signature::

    padding_func(vector, iaxis_pad_width, iaxis, kwargs)

where

    vector : ndarray
        A rank 1 array already padded with zeros.  Padded values are
        vector[:pad_tuple[0]] and vector[-pad_tuple[1]:].
    iaxis_pad_width : tuple
        A 2-tuple of ints, iaxis_pad_width[0] represents the number of
        values padded at the beginning of vector where
        iaxis_pad_width[1] represents the number of values padded at
        the end of vector.
    iaxis : int
        The axis currently being calculated.
    kwargs : dict
        Any keyword arguments the function requires.

Examples
--------
>>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> np.pad(a, (2,3), 'constant', constant_values=(4, 6))
array([4, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6])

>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'edge')
array([1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5])

>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'linear_ramp', end_values=(5, -4))
array([ 5,  3,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  2, -1, -4])

>>> np.pad(a, (2,), 'maximum')
array([5, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5])

>>> np.pad(a, (2,), 'mean')
array([3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 3])

>>> np.pad(a, (2,), 'median')
array([3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 3])

>>> a = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
>>> np.pad(a, ((3, 2), (2, 3)), 'minimum')
array([[1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
       [3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3],
       [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1]])

>>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'reflect')
array([3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2])

>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'reflect', reflect_type='odd')
array([-1,  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8])

>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'symmetric')
array([2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3])

>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'symmetric', reflect_type='odd')
array([0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7])

>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'wrap')
array([4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3])

>>> def pad_with(vector, pad_width, iaxis, kwargs):
...     pad_value = kwargs.get('padder', 10)
...     vector[:pad_width[0]] = pad_value
...     vector[-pad_width[1]:] = pad_value
...     return vector
>>> a = np.arange(6)
>>> a = a.reshape((2, 3))
>>> np.pad(a, 2, pad_with)
array([[10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10],
       [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10],
       [10, 10,  0,  1,  2, 10, 10],
       [10, 10,  3,  4,  5, 10, 10],
       [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10],
       [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10]])
>>> np.pad(a, 2, pad_with, padder=100)
array([[100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100],
       [100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100],
       [100, 100,   0,   1,   2, 100, 100],
       [100, 100,   3,   4,   5, 100, 100],
       [100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100],
       [100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100]])

使用hstack的一种方法是:

b = np.hstack((a, np.zeros((a.shape[0], 1), dtype=a.dtype)))

我认为一个更直接的解决方案和更快的启动是做以下工作:

import numpy as np
N = 10
a = np.random.rand(N,N)
b = np.zeros((N,N+1))
b[:,:-1] = a

和时间:

In [23]: N = 10

In [24]: a = np.random.rand(N,N)

In [25]: %timeit b = np.hstack((a,np.zeros((a.shape[0],1))))
10000 loops, best of 3: 19.6 us per loop

In [27]: %timeit b = np.zeros((a.shape[0],a.shape[1]+1)); b[:,:-1] = a
100000 loops, best of 3: 5.62 us per loop

在我的例子中，我必须向NumPy数组中添加一列1

X = array([ 6.1101, 5.5277, ... ])
X.shape => (97,)
X = np.concatenate((np.ones((m,1), dtype=np.int), X.reshape(m,1)), axis=1)

后 X.shape => (97,2)

array([[ 1. , 6.1101],
       [ 1. , 5.5277],
...

假设M是一个(100,3)ndarray, y是一个(100，)ndarray追加可以这样使用:

M=numpy.append(M,y[:,None],1)

诀窍在于使用

y[:, None]

这将y转换为(100,1)2D数组。

M.shape

现在给

(100, 4)

np。插入也可以。

matA = np.array([[1,2,3], 
                 [2,3,4]])
idx = 3
new_col = np.array([0, 0])
np.insert(matA, idx, new_col, axis=1)

array([[1, 2, 3, 0],
       [2, 3, 4, 0]])

它沿着一个轴插入值，这里是new_col，在给定索引之前，这里是idx。换句话说，新插入的值将占据idx列，并将最初在idx处和之后的值向后移动。