>>> import random
>>> d = dict(Venezuela = 1, Spain = 2, USA = 3, Italy = 4)
>>> random.choice(d.keys())
'Venezuela'
>>> random.choice(d.keys())
'USA'

通过随机调用。选择字典的键(国家)。

>>> import random
>>> d = dict(Venezuela = 1, Spain = 2, USA = 3, Italy = 4)
>>> random.choice(d.keys())
'Venezuela'
>>> random.choice(d.keys())
'USA'

通过随机调用。选择字典的键(国家)。

试试这个:

import random
a = dict(....) # a is some dictionary
random_key = random.sample(a, 1)[0]

这绝对有效。

因为最初的帖子想要一对:

import random
d = {'VENEZUELA':'CARACAS', 'CANADA':'TORONTO'}
country, capital = random.choice(list(d.items()))

(python 3风格)

这适用于Python 2和Python 3:

随机键:

random.choice(list(d.keys()))

一个随机值

random.choice(list(d.values()))

一个随机键和值

random.choice(list(d.items()))

我假设你在做一个类似测验的应用程序。对于这种应用程序，我写了一个函数，如下所示:

def shuffle(q):
"""
The input of the function will 
be the dictionary of the question
and answers. The output will
be a random question with answer
"""
selected_keys = []
i = 0
while i < len(q):
    current_selection = random.choice(q.keys())
    if current_selection not in selected_keys:
        selected_keys.append(current_selection)
        i = i+1
        print(current_selection+'? '+str(q[current_selection]))

如果我将输入问题={'委内瑞拉':'加拉加斯'，'加拿大':'多伦多'}，并调用函数shuffle(问题)，那么输出将如下:

VENEZUELA? CARACAS
CANADA? TORONTO

您还可以通过调整选项进一步扩展此功能