我希望能够以字符串的形式获取变量的名称，但我不知道Python是否有那么多的自省功能。喜欢的东西:
>>> print(my_var.__name__)
'my_var'
我想这样做是因为我有一堆变量，我想把它们转换成一个字典，比如:
bar = True
foo = False
>>> my_dict = dict(bar=bar, foo=foo)
>>> print my_dict
{'foo': False, 'bar': True}
但我想要更自动的。
Python有locals()和vars()，所以我猜有一种方法。
当前回答
正如unwind所说，这不是你在Python中真正做的事情——变量实际上是对象的名称映射。
然而，这里有一种方法可以尝试去做:
>>> a = 1
>>> for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is a:
a_as_str = k
>>> a_as_str
a
>>> type(a_as_str)
'str'
其他回答
下面是我创建的读取变量名的函数。它更通用，可以用于不同的应用:
def get_variable_name(*variable):
'''gets string of variable name
inputs
variable (str)
returns
string
'''
if len(variable) != 1:
raise Exception('len of variables inputed must be 1')
try:
return [k for k, v in locals().items() if v is variable[0]][0]
except:
return [k for k, v in globals().items() if v is variable[0]][0]
在特定的问题中使用:
>>> foo = False
>>> bar = True
>>> my_dict = {get_variable_name(foo):foo,
get_variable_name(bar):bar}
>>> my_dict
{'bar': True, 'foo': False}
import re
import traceback
pattren = re.compile(r'[\W+\w+]*get_variable_name\((\w+)\)')
def get_variable_name(x):
return pattren.match( traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[0][3]) .group(1)
a = 1
b = a
c = b
print get_variable_name(a)
print get_variable_name(b)
print get_variable_name(c)
正如unwind所说，这不是你在Python中真正做的事情——变量实际上是对象的名称映射。
然而，这里有一种方法可以尝试去做:
>>> a = 1
>>> for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is a:
a_as_str = k
>>> a_as_str
a
>>> type(a_as_str)
'str'
我一直很想这么做。这个技巧与rlotun的建议非常相似，但它是一行代码，对我来说很重要:
blah = 1
blah_name = [ k for k,v in locals().iteritems() if v is blah][0]
Python 3 +
blah = 1
blah_name = [ k for k,v in locals().items() if v is blah][0]
I was working on a similar problem. @S.Lott said "If you have the list of variables, what's the point of "discovering" their names?" And my answer is just to see if it could be done and if for some reason you want to sort your variables by type into lists. So anyways, in my research I came came across this thread and my solution is a bit expanded and is based on @rlotun solution. One other thing, @unutbu said, "This idea has merit, but note that if two variable names reference the same value (e.g. True), then an unintended variable name might be returned." In this exercise that was true so I dealt with it by using a list comprehension similar to this for each possibility: isClass = [i for i in isClass if i != 'item']. Without it "item" would show up in each list.
__metaclass__ = type
from types import *
class Class_1: pass
class Class_2: pass
list_1 = [1, 2, 3]
list_2 = ['dog', 'cat', 'bird']
tuple_1 = ('one', 'two', 'three')
tuple_2 = (1000, 2000, 3000)
dict_1 = {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
dict_2 = {'dog': 'collie', 'cat': 'calico', 'bird': 'robin'}
x = 23
y = 29
pie = 3.14159
eee = 2.71828
house = 'single story'
cabin = 'cozy'
isClass = []; isList = []; isTuple = []; isDict = []; isInt = []; isFloat = []; isString = []; other = []
mixedDataTypes = [Class_1, list_1, tuple_1, dict_1, x, pie, house, Class_2, list_2, tuple_2, dict_2, y, eee, cabin]
print '\nMIXED_DATA_TYPES total count:', len(mixedDataTypes)
for item in mixedDataTypes:
try:
# if isinstance(item, ClassType): # use this for old class types (before 3.0)
if isinstance(item, type):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isClass.append(mapping_as_str)
isClass = [i for i in isClass if i != 'item']
elif isinstance(item, ListType):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isList.append(mapping_as_str)
isList = [i for i in isList if i != 'item']
elif isinstance(item, TupleType):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isTuple.append(mapping_as_str)
isTuple = [i for i in isTuple if i != 'item']
elif isinstance(item, DictType):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isDict.append(mapping_as_str)
isDict = [i for i in isDict if i != 'item']
elif isinstance(item, IntType):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isInt.append(mapping_as_str)
isInt = [i for i in isInt if i != 'item']
elif isinstance(item, FloatType):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isFloat.append(mapping_as_str)
isFloat = [i for i in isFloat if i != 'item']
elif isinstance(item, StringType):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isString.append(mapping_as_str)
isString = [i for i in isString if i != 'item']
else:
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
other.append(mapping_as_str)
other = [i for i in other if i != 'item']
except (TypeError, AttributeError), e:
print e
print '\n isClass:', len(isClass), isClass
print ' isList:', len(isList), isList
print ' isTuple:', len(isTuple), isTuple
print ' isDict:', len(isDict), isDict
print ' isInt:', len(isInt), isInt
print ' isFloat:', len(isFloat), isFloat
print 'isString:', len(isString), isString
print ' other:', len(other), other
# my output and the output I wanted
'''
MIXED_DATA_TYPES total count: 14
isClass: 2 ['Class_1', 'Class_2']
isList: 2 ['list_1', 'list_2']
isTuple: 2 ['tuple_1', 'tuple_2']
isDict: 2 ['dict_1', 'dict_2']
isInt: 2 ['x', 'y']
isFloat: 2 ['pie', 'eee']
isString: 2 ['house', 'cabin']
other: 0 []
'''
