为了便于理解，考虑这个例子。

电信公司提供什么?例如宽带，电话线和移动电话，你被要求创建一个应用程序，向他们的客户提供他们的产品。

一般来说，你在这里要做的是，通过你的工厂方法创建产品，即宽带，电话线和手机，在那里你知道你为这些产品拥有什么属性，这是非常简单的。

现在，该公司想要为他们的客户提供他们的产品捆绑，即宽带、电话线和移动设备，而抽象工厂就来了。

换句话说，抽象工厂是由其他工厂组成的，他们负责创造自己的产品，抽象工厂知道如何在自己的责任方面把这些产品放在更有意义的地方。

在这种情况下，BundleFactory是抽象工厂，BroadbandFactory, PhonelineFactory和MobileFactory是工厂。为了进一步简化，这些工厂将使用工厂方法初始化各个产品。

运行下面的代码示例:

public class BroadbandFactory : IFactory {
    public static Broadband CreateStandardInstance() {
        // broadband product creation logic goes here
    }
}

public class PhonelineFactory : IFactory {
    public static Phoneline CreateStandardInstance() {
        // phoneline product creation logic goes here
    }
}

public class MobileFactory : IFactory {
    public static Mobile CreateStandardInstance() {
        // mobile product creation logic goes here
    }
}

public class BundleFactory : IAbstractFactory {

    public static Bundle CreateBundle() {
        broadband = BroadbandFactory.CreateStandardInstance();
        phoneline = PhonelineFactory.CreateStandardInstance();
        mobile = MobileFactory.CreateStandardInstance();

        applySomeDiscountOrWhatever(broadband, phoneline, mobile);
    }

    private static void applySomeDiscountOrWhatever(Broadband bb, Phoneline pl, Mobile m) {
        // some logic here
        // maybe manange some variables and invoke some other methods/services/etc.
    }
}

希望这能有所帮助。

有相当多的定义。基本上，描述工厂模式的三种常用方法是

简单的工厂

基于条件的简单对象创建方法/类。

工厂方法

使用子类提供实现的工厂方法设计模式。

抽象工厂

抽象工厂设计模式产生相关或依赖的对象族，而不指定它们的具体类。

下面的链接非常有用-工厂比较-重构。guru

抽象工厂是创建相关产品的接口，而工厂方法只是一种方法。抽象工厂可以通过多种工厂方法实现。

My conclusion: there is no difference. Why? Because I cannot see any justification to equip objects other than factories with factory methods - otherwise you get a violation of the separation of responsibility principle. In addition, I cannot see any difference between a factory with a single factory method and a factory with multiple factory methods: both create "families of related objects" unless anyone can prove that a single-family-member family is not a family. Or a collection that contains a single item is not a collection.

抽象工厂与工厂方法的主要区别在于，抽象工厂是由组合实现的;但是工厂方法是通过继承实现的。

是的，您没有看错:这两种模式之间的主要区别在于古老的组合与继承之争。

UML图可以在(GoF)书中找到。我想提供代码示例，因为我认为将本文中前两个答案中的示例结合起来会比单独一个答案提供更好的演示。此外，我在类名和方法名中使用了书中的术语。

抽象工厂

The most important point to grasp here is that the abstract factory is injected into the client. This is why we say that Abstract Factory is implemented by Composition. Often, a dependency injection framework would perform that task; but a framework is not required for DI. The second critical point is that the concrete factories here are not Factory Method implementations! Example code for Factory Method is shown further below. And finally, the third point to note is the relationship between the products: in this case the outbound and reply queues. One concrete factory produces Azure queues, the other MSMQ. The GoF refers to this product relationship as a "family" and it's important to be aware that family in this case does not mean class hierarchy.

public class Client {
    private final AbstractFactory_MessageQueue factory;

    public Client(AbstractFactory_MessageQueue factory) {
        // The factory creates message queues either for Azure or MSMQ.
        // The client does not know which technology is used.
        this.factory = factory;
    }

    public void sendMessage() {
        //The client doesn't know whether the OutboundQueue is Azure or MSMQ.
        OutboundQueue out = factory.createProductA();
        out.sendMessage("Hello Abstract Factory!");
    }

    public String receiveMessage() {
        //The client doesn't know whether the ReplyQueue is Azure or MSMQ.
        ReplyQueue in = factory.createProductB();
        return in.receiveMessage();
    }
}

public interface AbstractFactory_MessageQueue {
    OutboundQueue createProductA();
    ReplyQueue createProductB();
}

public class ConcreteFactory_Azure implements AbstractFactory_MessageQueue {
    @Override
    public OutboundQueue createProductA() {
        return new AzureMessageQueue();
    }

    @Override
    public ReplyQueue createProductB() {
        return new AzureResponseMessageQueue();
    }
}

public class ConcreteFactory_Msmq implements AbstractFactory_MessageQueue {
    @Override
    public OutboundQueue createProductA() {
        return new MsmqMessageQueue();
    }

    @Override
    public ReplyQueue createProductB() {
        return new MsmqResponseMessageQueue();
    }
}

工厂方法

The most important point to grasp here is that the ConcreteCreator is the client. In other words, the client is a subclass whose parent defines the factoryMethod(). This is why we say that Factory Method is implemented by Inheritance. The second critical point is to remember that the Factory Method Pattern is nothing more than a specialization of the Template Method Pattern. The two patterns share an identical structure. They only differ in purpose. Factory Method is creational (it builds something) whereas Template Method is behavioral (it computes something). And finally, the third point to note is that the Creator (parent) class invokes its own factoryMethod(). If we remove anOperation() from the parent class, leaving only a single method behind, it is no longer the Factory Method pattern. In other words, Factory Method cannot be implemented with less than two methods in the parent class; and one must invoke the other.

public abstract class Creator {
    public void anOperation() {
        Product p = factoryMethod();
        p.whatever();
    }

    protected abstract Product factoryMethod();
}

public class ConcreteCreator extends Creator {
    @Override
    protected Product factoryMethod() {
        return new ConcreteProduct();
    }
}

混杂。&杂项工厂图案

请注意，尽管GoF定义了两种不同的工厂模式，但它们并不是唯一存在的工厂模式。它们甚至不一定是最常用的工厂模式。第三个著名的例子是Josh Bloch的《Effective Java》中的静态工厂模式。《头部优先设计模式》一书还包括另一种被称为简单工厂的模式。

不要落入假设每个工厂模式都必须匹配GoF中的一个模式的陷阱。

两者的区别

“工厂方法”和“抽象工厂”的主要区别在于，工厂方法是方法，而抽象工厂是对象。我想很多人都把这两个词搞混了，开始交替使用。我记得当我学习它们的时候，我很难找到它们之间的确切区别。

因为工厂方法只是一个方法，它可以在子类中被重写，因此引用的后半部分:

．.． 工厂方法模式使用的 继承并依赖于一个子类 来处理所需的对象 实例化。

引用假设对象在这里调用自己的工厂方法。因此，唯一可以改变返回值的是子类。

抽象工厂是一个具有多个工厂方法的对象。看看你引言的前半部分:

．.． 使用抽象工厂模式，一个类 委托对象的职责 实例化到另一个对象 作文……

他们说的是，有一个对象A，想要创建一个Foo对象。而不是创建Foo对象本身(例如，使用工厂方法)，它将获得一个不同的对象(抽象工厂)来创建Foo对象。

代码示例

为了向你展示区别，这里有一个正在使用的工厂方法:

class A {
    public void doSomething() {
        Foo f = makeFoo();
        f.whatever();   
    }

    protected Foo makeFoo() {
        return new RegularFoo();
    }
}

class B extends A {
    protected Foo makeFoo() {
        //subclass is overriding the factory method 
        //to return something different
        return new SpecialFoo();
    }
}

这是一个正在使用的抽象工厂:

class A {
    private Factory factory;

    public A(Factory factory) {
        this.factory = factory;
    }

    public void doSomething() {
        //The concrete class of "f" depends on the concrete class
        //of the factory passed into the constructor. If you provide a
        //different factory, you get a different Foo object.
        Foo f = factory.makeFoo();
        f.whatever();
    }
}

interface Factory {
    Foo makeFoo();
    Bar makeBar();
    Aycufcn makeAmbiguousYetCommonlyUsedFakeClassName();
}

//need to make concrete factories that implement the "Factory" interface here