你能做到的。

但是你不能为颜色使用@color引用(..lame)，否则它只适用于L+

<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:width="24dp"
    android:height="24dp"
    android:viewportWidth="24.0"
    android:viewportHeight="24.0">
<path
    android:fillColor="#FFAABB"
    android:pathData="M15.5,14h-0.79l-0.28,-0.27C15.41,12.59 16,11.11 16,9.5 16,5.91 13.09,3 9.5,3S3,5.91 3,9.5 5.91,16 9.5,16c1.61,0 3.09,-0.59 4.23,-1.57l0.27,0.28v0.79l5,4.99L20.49,19l-4.99,-5zm-6,0C7.01,14 5,11.99 5,9.5S7.01,5 9.5,5 14,7.01 14,9.5 11.99,14 9.5,14z"/>

目前可行的解决方案是 android: fillColor = " # FFFFFF "

除了在向量中硬编码，什么都不管用

<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:width="24dp"
    android:height="24dp"
    android:viewportWidth="24.0"
      android:fillColor="#FFFFFF"
    android:viewportHeight="24.0">
<path
    android:fillColor="#FFFFFF"
    android:pathData="M15.5,14h-0.79l-0.28,-0.27C15.41,12.59 16,11.11 16,9.5 16,5.91 13.09,3 9.5,3S3,5.91 3,9.5 5.91,16 9.5,16c1.61,0 3.09,-0.59 4.23,-1.57l0.27,0.28v0.79l5,4.99L20.49,19l-4.99,-5zm-6,0C7.01,14 5,11.99 5,9.5S7.01,5 9.5,5 14,7.01 14,9.5 11.99,14 9.5,14z"/>

然而，填充色和色调可能很快就会起作用。请参阅此讨论以了解更多信息:

https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=186431

此外，颜色可能会粘在缓存中，所以删除所有用户的应用程序可能会有所帮助。

正如在其他回答中所说，不要直接编辑可绘制的向量，相反，你可以在java代码中着色，像这样:

    mWrappedDrawable = mDrawable.mutate();
    mWrappedDrawable = DrawableCompat.wrap(mWrappedDrawable);
    DrawableCompat.setTint(mWrappedDrawable, mColor);
    DrawableCompat.setTintMode(mWrappedDrawable, PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_IN);

为了简单起见，我创建了一个helper类:

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.PorterDuff;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Build;
import android.support.annotation.ColorRes;
import android.support.annotation.DrawableRes;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v4.graphics.drawable.DrawableCompat;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;

/**
 * {@link Drawable} helper class.
 *
 * @author Filipe Bezerra
 * @version 18/01/2016
 * @since 18/01/2016
 */
public class DrawableHelper {
    @NonNull Context mContext;
    @ColorRes private int mColor;
    private Drawable mDrawable;
    private Drawable mWrappedDrawable;

    public DrawableHelper(@NonNull Context context) {
        mContext = context;
    }

    public static DrawableHelper withContext(@NonNull Context context) {
        return new DrawableHelper(context);
    }

    public DrawableHelper withDrawable(@DrawableRes int drawableRes) {
        mDrawable = ContextCompat.getDrawable(mContext, drawableRes);
        return this;
    }

    public DrawableHelper withDrawable(@NonNull Drawable drawable) {
        mDrawable = drawable;
        return this;
    }

    public DrawableHelper withColor(@ColorRes int colorRes) {
        mColor = ContextCompat.getColor(mContext, colorRes);
        return this;
    }

    public DrawableHelper tint() {
        if (mDrawable == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("É preciso informar o recurso drawable pelo método withDrawable()");
        }

        if (mColor == 0) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("É necessário informar a cor a ser definida pelo método withColor()");
        }

        mWrappedDrawable = mDrawable.mutate();
        mWrappedDrawable = DrawableCompat.wrap(mWrappedDrawable);
        DrawableCompat.setTint(mWrappedDrawable, mColor);
        DrawableCompat.setTintMode(mWrappedDrawable, PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_IN);

        return this;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    public void applyToBackground(@NonNull View view) {
        if (mWrappedDrawable == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("É preciso chamar o método tint()");
        }

        if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) {
            view.setBackground(mWrappedDrawable);
        } else {
            view.setBackgroundDrawable(mWrappedDrawable);
        }
    }

    public void applyTo(@NonNull ImageView imageView) {
        if (mWrappedDrawable == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("É preciso chamar o método tint()");
        }

        imageView.setImageDrawable(mWrappedDrawable);
    }

    public void applyTo(@NonNull MenuItem menuItem) {
        if (mWrappedDrawable == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("É preciso chamar o método tint()");
        }

        menuItem.setIcon(mWrappedDrawable);
    }

    public Drawable get() {
        if (mWrappedDrawable == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("É preciso chamar o método tint()");
        }

        return mWrappedDrawable;
    }
}

要使用，只需执行以下步骤:

    DrawableHelper
            .withContext(this)
            .withColor(R.color.white)
            .withDrawable(R.drawable.ic_search_24dp)
            .tint()
            .applyTo(mSearchItem);

Or:

    final Drawable drawable = DrawableHelper
            .withContext(this)
            .withColor(R.color.white)
            .withDrawable(R.drawable.ic_search_24dp)
            .tint()
            .get();

    actionBar.setHomeAsUpIndicator(drawable);

这是由Filipe绘制的Kotlin版本的Helper

class DrawableHelper(var mContext: Context) {
    @ColorRes
    private var mColor = 0
    private lateinit var mDrawable: Drawable
    private lateinit var mWrappedDrawable: Drawable
    fun withDrawable(@DrawableRes drawableRes: Int): DrawableHelper {
        mDrawable = getDrawable(mContext, drawableRes)!!
        return this
    }

    fun withDrawable(drawable: Drawable): DrawableHelper {
        mDrawable = drawable
        return this
    }

    @SuppressLint("ResourceType")
    fun withColor(@ColorRes colorRes: Int): DrawableHelper {
        mColor = ContextCompat.getColor(mContext, colorRes)
        return this
    }

    @SuppressLint("ResourceAsColor")
    fun tint(): DrawableHelper {
        mWrappedDrawable = DrawableCompat.wrap(mWrappedDrawable)
        DrawableCompat.setTint(mWrappedDrawable, mColor)
        DrawableCompat.setTintMode(mWrappedDrawable, PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_IN)
        return this
    }

    fun applyToBackground(view: View) {
        view.background = mWrappedDrawable
    }

    fun applyTo(imageView: ImageView) {
        imageView.setImageDrawable(mWrappedDrawable)
    }

    fun applyTo(menuItem: MenuItem) {
        menuItem.icon = mWrappedDrawable
    }

    fun get(): Drawable {
        return mWrappedDrawable
    }

    companion object {
        fun withContext(context: Context): DrawableHelper {
            return DrawableHelper(context)
        }
    }
}

将这个库添加到Gradle中，以启用旧android设备中的颜色向量可绘制。

compile 'com.android.support:palette-v7:26.0.0-alpha1'

和重新同步gradle。我认为这会解决问题。

更新:AppCompat支持

其他答案怀疑android:tint将只在21+设备上工作，AppCompat(v23.2.0及以上)现在提供了向后兼容的tint属性处理。

因此，行动的过程将是使用AppCompatImageView和app:srcCompat(在AppCompat命名空间)而不是android:src(android命名空间)。

下面是一个例子(AndroidX: This is AndroidX .appcompat.widget. appcompatimageview;)):

<android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatImageView
        android:id="@+id/credits_material_icon"
        android:layout_width="20dp"
        android:layout_height="20dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
        android:scaleType="fitCenter"
        android:tint="#ffd2ee"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_dollar_coin_stack" />

别忘了在gradle中启用向量可绘制支持:

vectorDrawables.useSupportLibrary = true