Another technique here is to introduce additional code into the (hopefully small number of) places where the logic does the System.exit(). This additional code then avoids doing the System.exit() when the logic is being called as part of unit test. For example, define a package private constant like TEST_MODE which is normally false. Then have the unit test code set this true and add logic to the code under test to check for that case and bypass the System.exit call and instead throw an exception that the unit test logic can catch. By the way, in 2021 and using something like spotbugs, this problem can manifest itself in the obscure error that "java.io.IOException: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host".

标准库System Lambda有一个方法catchSystemExit。使用这个规则，你可以测试调用System.exit(…)的代码:

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void systemExitWithArbitraryStatusCode() {
        SystemLambda.catchSystemExit(() -> {
            //the code under test, which calls System.exit(...);
        });
    }


    @Test
    public void systemExitWithSelectedStatusCode0() {
        int status = SystemLambda.catchSystemExit(() -> {
            //the code under test, which calls System.exit(0);
        });

        assertEquals(0, status);
    }
}

对于Java 5到7，库System Rules有一个叫做ExpectedSystemExit的JUnit规则。使用这个规则，你可以测试调用System.exit(…)的代码:

public class MyTest {
    @Rule
    public final ExpectedSystemExit exit = ExpectedSystemExit.none();

    @Test
    public void systemExitWithArbitraryStatusCode() {
        exit.expectSystemExit();
        //the code under test, which calls System.exit(...);
    }

    @Test
    public void systemExitWithSelectedStatusCode0() {
        exit.expectSystemExitWithStatus(0);
        //the code under test, which calls System.exit(0);
    }
}

完全披露:我是这两个库的作者。

实际上，您可以模拟或排除该系统。exit方法，在JUnit测试中。

例如，使用JMockit你可以这样写(也有其他方法):

@Test
public void mockSystemExit(@Mocked("exit") System mockSystem)
{
    // Called by code under test:
    System.exit(); // will not exit the program
}

编辑:替代测试(使用最新的JMockit API)，它不允许任何代码在调用System.exit(n)后运行:

@Test(expected = EOFException.class)
public void checkingForSystemExitWhileNotAllowingCodeToContinueToRun() {
    new Expectations(System.class) {{ System.exit(anyInt); result = new EOFException(); }};

    // From the code under test:
    System.exit(1);
    System.out.println("This will never run (and not exit either)");
}

Another technique here is to introduce additional code into the (hopefully small number of) places where the logic does the System.exit(). This additional code then avoids doing the System.exit() when the logic is being called as part of unit test. For example, define a package private constant like TEST_MODE which is normally false. Then have the unit test code set this true and add logic to the code under test to check for that case and bypass the System.exit call and instead throw an exception that the unit test logic can catch. By the way, in 2021 and using something like spotbugs, this problem can manifest itself in the obscure error that "java.io.IOException: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host".

系统存根(https://github.com/webcompere/system-stubs)也能够解决这个问题。它共享System Lambda的语法，用于包装我们知道将执行System的代码。退出，但当其他代码意外退出时，可能会导致奇怪的效果。

通过JUnit 5插件，我们可以保证任何退出都将转换为异常:

@ExtendWith(SystemStubsExtension.class)
class SystemExitUseCase {
    // the presence of this in the test means System.exit becomes an exception
    @SystemStub
    private SystemExit systemExit;

    @Test
    void doSomethingThatAccidentallyCallsSystemExit() {
        // this test would have stopped the JVM, now it ends in `AbortExecutionException`
        // System.exit(1);
    }

    @Test
    void canCatchSystemExit() {
        assertThatThrownBy(() -> System.exit(1))
            .isInstanceOf(AbortExecutionException.class);

        assertThat(systemExit.getExitCode()).isEqualTo(1);
    }
}

或者，类似断言的静态方法也可以使用:

assertThat(catchSystemExit(() -> {
   //the code under test
   System.exit(123);
})).isEqualTo(123);

我喜欢已经给出的一些答案，但我想演示一种不同的技术，这种技术在测试遗留代码时通常很有用。给出如下代码:

public class Foo {
  public void bar(int i) {
    if (i < 0) {
      System.exit(i);
    }
  }
}

您可以进行安全重构来创建包装系统的方法。退出电话:

public class Foo {
  public void bar(int i) {
    if (i < 0) {
      exit(i);
    }
  }

  void exit(int i) {
    System.exit(i);
  }
}

然后你可以为你的测试创建一个覆盖exit的假的:

public class TestFoo extends TestCase {

  public void testShouldExitWithNegativeNumbers() {
    TestFoo foo = new TestFoo();
    foo.bar(-1);
    assertTrue(foo.exitCalled);
    assertEquals(-1, foo.exitValue);
  }

  private class TestFoo extends Foo {
    boolean exitCalled;
    int exitValue;
    void exit(int i) {
      exitCalled = true;
      exitValue = i;
    }
}

这是一种用行为代替测试用例的通用技术，我在重构遗留代码时一直使用它。这通常不是我要留下东西的地方，而是测试现有代码的中间步骤。