仅使用awk

foo="uNcapItalizedstrIng"
echo $foo | awk '{print toupper(substr($0,0,1))tolower(substr($0,2))}'

虽然不是我要求的，但很有帮助

declare -u foo #When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case characters are converted to upper-case.

foo=bar
echo $foo
BAR

反之亦然

declare -l foo #When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case characters are converted to lower-case.

foo=BAR
echo $foo
bar

Posix兼容，子进程更少:

v="foo[Bar]"
printf "%s" "${v%"${v#?}"}" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' && printf "%s" "${v#?}"
==> Foo[Bar]

它也可以在纯bash中使用bash-3.2完成:

# First, get the first character.
fl=${foo:0:1}

# Safety check: it must be a letter :).
if [[ ${fl} == [a-z] ]]; then
    # Now, obtain its octal value using printf (builtin).
    ord=$(printf '%o' "'${fl}")

    # Fun fact: [a-z] maps onto 0141..0172. [A-Z] is 0101..0132.
    # We can use decimal '- 40' to get the expected result!
    ord=$(( ord - 40 ))

    # Finally, map the new value back to a character.
    fl=$(printf '%b' '\'${ord})
fi

echo "${fl}${foo:1}"

使用sed的一种方法:

echo "$(echo "$foo" | sed 's/.*/\u&/')"

打印:

Bar

这也可以……

FooBar=baz

echo ${FooBar^^${FooBar:0:1}}

=> Baz

FooBar=baz

echo ${FooBar^^${FooBar:1:1}}

=> bAz

FooBar=baz

echo ${FooBar^^${FooBar:2:2}}

=> baZ

等等。

来源:

Bash手动:Shell参数扩展 完整Bash指南:参数 Bash黑客的维基参数扩展

入门/教程：

Cyberciti.biz: 8。转换为大写到小写或反之亦然 Opensource.com: Bash中参数展开的介绍