乔治·马斯特罗斯精彩回答的参数化版本:

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fn_StripCharacters]
(
    @String NVARCHAR(MAX), 
    @MatchExpression VARCHAR(255)
)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
    SET @MatchExpression =  '%['+@MatchExpression+']%'
    
    WHILE PatIndex(@MatchExpression, @String) > 0
        SET @String = Stuff(@String, PatIndex(@MatchExpression, @String), 1, '')
    
    RETURN @String
    
END

字母只有:

SELECT dbo.fn_StripCharacters('a1!s2@d3#f4$', '^a-z')

数字只有:

SELECT dbo.fn_StripCharacters('a1!s2@d3#f4$', '^0-9')

字母数字只有:

SELECT dbo.fn_StripCharacters('a1!s2@d3#f4$', '^a-z0-9')

非字母数字：

SELECT dbo.fn_StripCharacters('a1!s2@d3#f4$', 'a-z0-9')

看过所有给出的解决方案后，我认为必须有一个纯SQL方法，它不需要函数或CTE / XML查询，并且不涉及难以维护的嵌套REPLACE语句。以下是我的解决方案:

SELECT 
  x
  ,CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, 1, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, 1, 1) END
    + CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, 2, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, 2, 1) END
    + CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, 3, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, 3, 1) END
    + CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, 4, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, 4, 1) END
    + CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, 5, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, 5, 1) END
    + CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, 6, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, 6, 1) END
-- Keep adding rows until you reach the column size 
    AS stripped_column
FROM (SELECT 
        column_to_strip AS x
        ,'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' AS a 
      FROM my_table) a

这样做的好处是，有效字符包含在子查询中的一个字符串中，便于为不同的字符集重新配置。

缺点是您必须为每个字符添加一行SQL，直到您的列的大小。为了让这个任务更容易，我只是使用了下面的Powershell脚本，这个例子如果是VARCHAR(64):

1..64 | % {
  "    + CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, {0}, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, {0}, 1) END" -f $_
} | clip.exe

我知道SQL不擅长字符串操作，但我没想到它会这么难。下面是一个简单的函数，用于从字符串中剥离所有数字。当然还有更好的办法，但这只是个开始。

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.AlphaOnly (
    @String varchar(100)
)
RETURNS varchar(100)
AS BEGIN
  RETURN (
    REPLACE(
      REPLACE(
        REPLACE(
          REPLACE(
            REPLACE(
              REPLACE(
                REPLACE(
                  REPLACE(
                    REPLACE(
                      REPLACE(
                        @String,
                      '9', ''),
                    '8', ''),
                  '7', ''),
                '6', ''),
              '5', ''),
            '4', ''),
          '3', ''),
        '2', ''),
      '1', ''),
    '0', '')
  )
END
GO

-- ==================
DECLARE @t TABLE (
    ColID       int,
    ColString   varchar(50)
)

INSERT INTO @t VALUES (1, 'abc1234567890')

SELECT ColID, ColString, dbo.AlphaOnly(ColString)
FROM @t

输出

ColID ColString
----- ------------- ---
    1 abc1234567890 abc

第2轮-数据驱动黑名单

-- ============================================
-- Create a table of blacklist characters
-- ============================================
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.tables WHERE [object_id] = OBJECT_ID('dbo.CharacterBlacklist'))
  DROP TABLE dbo.CharacterBlacklist
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.CharacterBlacklist (
    CharID              int         IDENTITY,
    DisallowedCharacter nchar(1)    NOT NULL
)
GO
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'0')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'1')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'2')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'3')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'4')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'5')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'6')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'7')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'8')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'9')
GO

-- ====================================
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE [object_id] = OBJECT_ID('dbo.StripBlacklistCharacters'))
  DROP FUNCTION dbo.StripBlacklistCharacters
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.StripBlacklistCharacters (
    @String nvarchar(100)
)
RETURNS varchar(100)
AS BEGIN
  DECLARE @blacklistCt  int
  DECLARE @ct           int
  DECLARE @c            nchar(1)

  SELECT @blacklistCt = COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CharacterBlacklist

  SET @ct = 0
  WHILE @ct < @blacklistCt BEGIN
    SET @ct = @ct + 1

    SELECT @String = REPLACE(@String, DisallowedCharacter, N'')
    FROM dbo.CharacterBlacklist
    WHERE CharID = @ct
  END

  RETURN (@String)
END
GO

-- ====================================
DECLARE @s  nvarchar(24)
SET @s = N'abc1234def5678ghi90jkl'

SELECT
    @s                  AS OriginalString,
    dbo.StripBlacklistCharacters(@s)   AS ResultString

输出

OriginalString           ResultString
------------------------ ------------
abc1234def5678ghi90jkl   abcdefghijkl

我对读者的挑战是:你能让这个过程更有效率吗?那么使用递归呢?

DECLARE @vchVAlue NVARCHAR(255) = 'SWP, Lettering Position 1: 4 Ω, 2: 8 Ω, 3: 16 Ω, 4:  , 5:  , 6:  , Voltage Selector, Solder, 6, Step switch, : w/o fuseholder '


WHILE PATINDEX('%?%' , CAST(@vchVAlue AS VARCHAR(255))) > 0
  BEGIN
    SELECT @vchVAlue = STUFF(@vchVAlue,PATINDEX('%?%' , CAST(@vchVAlue AS VARCHAR(255))),1,' ')
  END 

SELECT @vchVAlue

从性能角度来看，我会使用内联函数:

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[udf_RemoveNumericCharsFromString]
(
@List NVARCHAR(4000)
)
RETURNS TABLE 
AS RETURN

    WITH GetNums AS (
       SELECT TOP(ISNULL(DATALENGTH(@List), 0))
        n = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY (SELECT NULL))
        FROM
          (VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0)) d (n),
          (VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0)) e (n),
          (VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0)) f (n),
          (VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0)) g (n)
            )

    SELECT StrOut = ''+
        (SELECT Chr
         FROM GetNums
            CROSS APPLY (SELECT SUBSTRING(@List , n,1)) X(Chr)
         WHERE Chr LIKE '%[^0-9]%' 
         ORDER BY N
         FOR XML PATH (''),TYPE).value('.','NVARCHAR(MAX)')


   /*How to Use
   SELECT StrOut FROM dbo.udf_RemoveNumericCharsFromString ('vv45--9gut')
   Result: vv--gut
   */

这个解决方案受到Allen先生的解决方案的启发，需要一个整数的Numbers表(如果您想进行具有良好性能的严肃查询操作，您应该手头有这个表)。它不需要CTE。您可以更改NOT IN(…)表达式以排除特定字符，或将其更改为IN(…)只保留某些字符的OR LIKE表达式。

SELECT (
    SELECT  SUBSTRING([YourString], N, 1)
    FROM    dbo.Numbers
    WHERE   N > 0 AND N <= CONVERT(INT, LEN([YourString]))
        AND SUBSTRING([YourString], N, 1) NOT IN ('(',')',',','.')
    FOR XML PATH('')
) AS [YourStringTransformed]
FROM ...