我正在Ubuntu系统上工作,目前我正在做的是:

if ! which command > /dev/null; then
   echo -e "Command not found! Install? (y/n) \c"
   read
   if "$REPLY" = "y"; then
      sudo apt-get install command
   fi
fi

大多数人都会这么做吗?还是有更优雅的解决方案?


当前回答

既然你提到了Ubuntu,而且你想以编程的方式做到这一点(虽然也可以使用dpkg的变体,但实现起来会更复杂),这(这)肯定是可行的:

#!/bin/bash

pkgname=mutt
which $pkgname > /dev/null;isPackage=$?
if [ $isPackage != 0 ];then
        echo "$pkgname not installed"
        sleep 1
        read -r -p "${1:-$pkgname will be installed. Are you sure? [y/N]} " response
        case "$response" in
            [yY][eE][sS]|[yY]) 
                sudo apt-get install $pkgname
                ;;
            *)
                false
                ;;
        esac

else
        echo "$pkgname is installed"
        sleep 1
fi

尽管为了POSIX兼容性,您可能希望使用命令-v,正如在另一个类似问题中提到的那样。

这样的话, 在上面的代码示例中,$pkgname > /dev/null应该被命令-v $pkgname替换。

其他回答

要检查是否安装了packagename,输入:

dpkg -s <packagename>

您还可以使用dpkg-query,它的输出更简洁,而且还接受通配符。

dpkg-query -l <packagename>

要找到哪个包拥有该命令,请尝试:

dpkg -S `which <command>`

有关更多详细信息,请参见文章“了解Linux中是否安装了软件包”和dpkg备忘单。

这个特性已经存在于Ubuntu和Debian的command-not-found包中。

如果只使用awk安装了else 1,则显式打印0:

dpkg-query -W -f '${Status}\n' 'PKG' 2>&1|awk '/ok installed/{print 0;exit}{print 1}'

或者如果你喜欢另一种方式,1表示安装,0表示:

dpkg-query -W -f '${Status}\n' 'PKG' 2>&1|awk '/ok installed/{print 1;exit}{print 0}'

**用您的包名替换PKG

便利功能:

installed() {
    return $(dpkg-query -W -f '${Status}\n' "${1}" 2>&1|awk '/ok installed/{print 0;exit}{print 1}')
}


# usage:
installed gcc && echo Yes || echo No

#or

if installed gcc; then
    echo yes
else
    echo no
fi

有点以你的为基础,只是更“优雅”一点。只是因为我很无聊。

#!/bin/bash
FOUND=("\033[38;5;10m")
NOTFOUND=("\033[38;5;9m")
PKG="${@:1}"
command ${PKG} &>/dev/null
if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
    echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] ${PKG} not found [!]"
    echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Would you like to install ${PKG} now ? [!]"
    read -p "[Y/N] >$ " ANSWER
    if [[ ${ANSWER} == [yY] || ${ANSWER} == [yY][eE][sS] ]]; then
        if grep -q "bian" /etc/os-release; then
            sudo apt-get install ${PKG}
        elif grep -q "arch" /etc/os-release; then
            if [[ -f /bin/yay ]] || [[ -f /bin/yaourt ]]; then
                yaourt -S ${PKG} 2>./err || yay -S ${PKG} 2>./err
            else
                sudo pacman -S ${PKG}
            fi
        elif grep -q "fedora" /etc/os-release; then
             sudo dnf install ${PKG}
        else
            echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] This script couldn't detect your package manager [!]"
            echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Manually install it [!]"
        fi
    elif [[ ${ANSWER} == [nN] || ${ANSWER} == [nN][oO] ]]; then
        echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Exiting [!]"
    fi
else
    echo -e "${FOUND}[+] ${PKG} found [+]"
fi

为了更明确一点,这里有一些Bash脚本,用于检查包并在需要时安装它。当然,您可以在发现包丢失时执行其他操作,例如简单地使用错误代码退出。

REQUIRED_PKG="some-package"
PKG_OK=$(dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Status}\n' $REQUIRED_PKG|grep "install ok installed")
echo Checking for $REQUIRED_PKG: $PKG_OK
if [ "" = "$PKG_OK" ]; then
  echo "No $REQUIRED_PKG. Setting up $REQUIRED_PKG."
  sudo apt-get --yes install $REQUIRED_PKG
fi

如果脚本在GUI中运行(例如,它是一个Nautilus脚本),您可能想要用'gksudo'调用替换'sudo'调用。