我正在Ubuntu系统上工作，目前我正在做的是:
if ! which command > /dev/null; then
echo -e "Command not found! Install? (y/n) \c"
read
if "$REPLY" = "y"; then
sudo apt-get install command
fi
fi
大多数人都会这么做吗?还是有更优雅的解决方案?
当前回答
我使用这个解决方案，因为我发现它是最直接的。
function must_install(){
return "$(apt -qq list $var --installed 2> /dev/null |wc -l)"
}
function install_if() {
unset install
for var in "$@"
do
if $(must_install $var)
then
install+="${var} "
fi
done
if [ -n "$install" ];
then
sudo apt-get install -qy $install
fi
}
整洁的事情是，must_install返回1或0，然后通过调用if将其解释为true或false，因此我们不需要使用[]进行任何测试。
Install_if接受按空格分隔的任意数量的包。
问题是apt并不打算在脚本中使用，因此这可能在任何时候停止工作。8)
其他回答
which <command>
if [ $? == 1 ]; then
<pkg-manager> -y install <command>
fi
如果您的包具有命令行接口，则可以在安装之前通过调用它的命令行工具来计算输出，从而检查包是否存在。
这里有一个叫做helm的包的例子。
#!/bin/bash
# Call the command for the package silently
helm > /dev/null
# Get the exit code of the last command
command_exit_code="$(echo $?)"
# Run installation if exit code is not equal to 0
if [ "$command_exit_code" -ne "0" ]; then
# Package does not exist: Do the package installation
else
echo "Skipping 'helm' installation: Package already exists"
fi;
为了更明确一点，这里有一些Bash脚本，用于检查包并在需要时安装它。当然，您可以在发现包丢失时执行其他操作，例如简单地使用错误代码退出。
REQUIRED_PKG="some-package"
PKG_OK=$(dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Status}\n' $REQUIRED_PKG|grep "install ok installed")
echo Checking for $REQUIRED_PKG: $PKG_OK
if [ "" = "$PKG_OK" ]; then
echo "No $REQUIRED_PKG. Setting up $REQUIRED_PKG."
sudo apt-get --yes install $REQUIRED_PKG
fi
如果脚本在GUI中运行(例如，它是一个Nautilus脚本)，您可能想要用'gksudo'调用替换'sudo'调用。
Use:
apt-cache policy <package_name>
如果没有安装，它将显示:
Installed: none
否则它将显示:
Installed: version
有点以你的为基础，只是更“优雅”一点。只是因为我很无聊。
#!/bin/bash
FOUND=("\033[38;5;10m")
NOTFOUND=("\033[38;5;9m")
PKG="${@:1}"
command ${PKG} &>/dev/null
if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] ${PKG} not found [!]"
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Would you like to install ${PKG} now ? [!]"
read -p "[Y/N] >$ " ANSWER
if [[ ${ANSWER} == [yY] || ${ANSWER} == [yY][eE][sS] ]]; then
if grep -q "bian" /etc/os-release; then
sudo apt-get install ${PKG}
elif grep -q "arch" /etc/os-release; then
if [[ -f /bin/yay ]] || [[ -f /bin/yaourt ]]; then
yaourt -S ${PKG} 2>./err || yay -S ${PKG} 2>./err
else
sudo pacman -S ${PKG}
fi
elif grep -q "fedora" /etc/os-release; then
sudo dnf install ${PKG}
else
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] This script couldn't detect your package manager [!]"
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Manually install it [!]"
fi
elif [[ ${ANSWER} == [nN] || ${ANSWER} == [nN][oO] ]]; then
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Exiting [!]"
fi
else
echo -e "${FOUND}[+] ${PKG} found [+]"
fi
