这个命令是最容易记住的:

dpkg --get-selections <package-name>

如果已经安装，它会打印:

<包名称>安装

否则它会打印

没有找到匹配<package-name>的包。

这是在Ubuntu 12.04.1 (Precise穿山甲)上测试的。

如果您的包具有命令行接口，则可以在安装之前通过调用它的命令行工具来计算输出，从而检查包是否存在。

这里有一个叫做helm的包的例子。

#!/bin/bash

# Call the command for the package silently
helm > /dev/null

# Get the exit code of the last command
command_exit_code="$(echo $?)"

# Run installation if exit code is not equal to 0
if [ "$command_exit_code" -ne "0" ]; then
    # Package does not exist: Do the package installation
else
   echo "Skipping 'helm' installation: Package already exists"
fi;

Ubuntu添加了它的“个人包存档”(PPA)，而PPA包有不同的结果。

A native Debian repository package is not installed: ~$ dpkg-query -l apache-perl ~$ echo $? 1 A PPA package registered on the host and installed: ~$ dpkg-query -l libreoffice ~$ echo $? 0 A PPA package registered on the host, but not installed: ~$ dpkg-query -l domy-ce ~$ echo $? 0 ~$ sudo apt-get remove domy-ce [sudo] password for user: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package domy-ce is not installed, so not removed 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

测试APT中是否安装了软件包

我使用以下方法:

which mySQL 2>&1|tee 1> /dev/null
  if [[ "$?" == 0 ]]; then
                echo -e "\e[42m MySQL already installed. Moving on...\e[0m"
        else
        sudo apt-get install -y mysql-server
                if [[ "$?" == 0 ]]; then
                        echo -e "\e[42mMy SQL installed\e[0m"
                else
                        echo -e "\e[42Installation failed\e[0m"
                fi
        fi

在本地而不是Docker中运行测试时，我也有类似的需求。基本上，我只想安装任何尚未安装的.deb文件。

# If there are .deb files in the folder, then install them
if [ `ls -1 *.deb 2> /dev/null | wc -l` -gt 0 ]; then
  for file in *.deb; do
    # Only install if not already installed (non-zero exit code)
    dpkg -I ${file} | grep Package: | sed -r 's/ Package:\s+(.*)/\1/g' | xargs dpkg -s
    if [ $? != 0 ]; then
        dpkg -i ${file}
    fi;
  done;
else
  err "No .deb files found in '$PWD'"
fi

我想我能看到的唯一问题是它没有检查包的版本号，所以如果.deb文件是一个更新的版本。这样就不会覆盖当前安装的包。

which <command>
if [ $? == 1 ]; then
    <pkg-manager> -y install <command>
fi