我正在Ubuntu系统上工作，目前我正在做的是:
if ! which command > /dev/null; then
echo -e "Command not found! Install? (y/n) \c"
read
if "$REPLY" = "y"; then
sudo apt-get install command
fi
fi
大多数人都会这么做吗?还是有更优雅的解决方案?
当前回答
受到克里斯回答的启发:
#! /bin/bash
installed() {
return $(dpkg-query -W -f '${Status}\n' "${1}" 2>&1|awk '/ok installed/{print 0;exit}{print 1}')
}
pkgs=(libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev vulkan-tools libvulkan-dev vulkan-validationlayers-dev spirv-tools)
missing_pkgs=""
for pkg in ${pkgs[@]}; do
if ! $(installed $pkg) ; then
missing_pkgs+=" $pkg"
fi
done
if [ ! -z "$missing_pkgs" ]; then
cmd="sudo apt install -y $missing_pkgs"
echo $cmd
fi
其他回答
Ubuntu添加了它的“个人包存档”(PPA)，而PPA包有不同的结果。
A native Debian repository package is not installed: ~$ dpkg-query -l apache-perl ~$ echo $? 1 A PPA package registered on the host and installed: ~$ dpkg-query -l libreoffice ~$ echo $? 0 A PPA package registered on the host, but not installed: ~$ dpkg-query -l domy-ce ~$ echo $? 0 ~$ sudo apt-get remove domy-ce [sudo] password for user: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package domy-ce is not installed, so not removed 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
测试APT中是否安装了软件包
如果只使用awk安装了else 1，则显式打印0:
dpkg-query -W -f '${Status}\n' 'PKG' 2>&1|awk '/ok installed/{print 0;exit}{print 1}'
或者如果你喜欢另一种方式，1表示安装，0表示:
dpkg-query -W -f '${Status}\n' 'PKG' 2>&1|awk '/ok installed/{print 1;exit}{print 0}'
**用您的包名替换PKG
便利功能:
installed() {
return $(dpkg-query -W -f '${Status}\n' "${1}" 2>&1|awk '/ok installed/{print 0;exit}{print 1}')
}
# usage:
installed gcc && echo Yes || echo No
#or
if installed gcc; then
echo yes
else
echo no
fi
which <command>
if [ $? == 1 ]; then
<pkg-manager> -y install <command>
fi
$name="rsync"
[ `which $name` ] $$ echo "$name : installed" || sudo apt-get install -y $name
如果您的包具有命令行接口，则可以在安装之前通过调用它的命令行工具来计算输出，从而检查包是否存在。
这里有一个叫做helm的包的例子。
#!/bin/bash
# Call the command for the package silently
helm > /dev/null
# Get the exit code of the last command
command_exit_code="$(echo $?)"
# Run installation if exit code is not equal to 0
if [ "$command_exit_code" -ne "0" ]; then
# Package does not exist: Do the package installation
else
echo "Skipping 'helm' installation: Package already exists"
fi;
