受到克里斯回答的启发:

#! /bin/bash

installed() {
    return $(dpkg-query -W -f '${Status}\n' "${1}" 2>&1|awk '/ok installed/{print 0;exit}{print 1}')
}

pkgs=(libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev vulkan-tools libvulkan-dev vulkan-validationlayers-dev spirv-tools)
missing_pkgs=""

for pkg in ${pkgs[@]}; do
    if ! $(installed $pkg) ; then
        missing_pkgs+=" $pkg"
    fi
done

if [ ! -z "$missing_pkgs" ]; then
    cmd="sudo apt install -y $missing_pkgs"
    echo $cmd
fi

如果您的包具有命令行接口，则可以在安装之前通过调用它的命令行工具来计算输出，从而检查包是否存在。

这里有一个叫做helm的包的例子。

#!/bin/bash

# Call the command for the package silently
helm > /dev/null

# Get the exit code of the last command
command_exit_code="$(echo $?)"

# Run installation if exit code is not equal to 0
if [ "$command_exit_code" -ne "0" ]; then
    # Package does not exist: Do the package installation
else
   echo "Skipping 'helm' installation: Package already exists"
fi;

我发现在之前的答案中，如果安装了一个包，然后删除了它，但是安装包仍然在系统上，那么所有的解决方案都可能产生假阳性。

复制:

安装包apt-get Install curl 删除包apt-get删除卷曲

现在测试一下前面的答案。

下面的命令似乎可以解决这个问题:

dpkg-query -W -f='${Status}\n' curl | head -n1 | awk '{print $3;}' | grep -q '^installed$'

这将导致最终安装或不安装。

在本地而不是Docker中运行测试时，我也有类似的需求。基本上，我只想安装任何尚未安装的.deb文件。

# If there are .deb files in the folder, then install them
if [ `ls -1 *.deb 2> /dev/null | wc -l` -gt 0 ]; then
  for file in *.deb; do
    # Only install if not already installed (non-zero exit code)
    dpkg -I ${file} | grep Package: | sed -r 's/ Package:\s+(.*)/\1/g' | xargs dpkg -s
    if [ $? != 0 ]; then
        dpkg -i ${file}
    fi;
  done;
else
  err "No .deb files found in '$PWD'"
fi

我想我能看到的唯一问题是它没有检查包的版本号，所以如果.deb文件是一个更新的版本。这样就不会覆盖当前安装的包。

对于Ubuntu来说，apt提供了一种相当不错的方式来做到这一点。下面是谷歌Chrome浏览器的一个例子:

grep -qE "(已安装|upgradeable)"|| apt-get install google-chrome-stable

我将错误输出重定向为null，因为apt警告不要使用其“不稳定的cli”。我怀疑列表包是稳定的，所以我认为可以扔掉这个警告。qq让apt变得超级安静。

有点以你的为基础，只是更“优雅”一点。只是因为我很无聊。

#!/bin/bash
FOUND=("\033[38;5;10m")
NOTFOUND=("\033[38;5;9m")
PKG="${@:1}"
command ${PKG} &>/dev/null
if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
    echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] ${PKG} not found [!]"
    echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Would you like to install ${PKG} now ? [!]"
    read -p "[Y/N] >$ " ANSWER
    if [[ ${ANSWER} == [yY] || ${ANSWER} == [yY][eE][sS] ]]; then
        if grep -q "bian" /etc/os-release; then
            sudo apt-get install ${PKG}
        elif grep -q "arch" /etc/os-release; then
            if [[ -f /bin/yay ]] || [[ -f /bin/yaourt ]]; then
                yaourt -S ${PKG} 2>./err || yay -S ${PKG} 2>./err
            else
                sudo pacman -S ${PKG}
            fi
        elif grep -q "fedora" /etc/os-release; then
             sudo dnf install ${PKG}
        else
            echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] This script couldn't detect your package manager [!]"
            echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Manually install it [!]"
        fi
    elif [[ ${ANSWER} == [nN] || ${ANSWER} == [nN][oO] ]]; then
        echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Exiting [!]"
    fi
else
    echo -e "${FOUND}[+] ${PKG} found [+]"
fi