这是一种非常快速的方法，用apply和。只需将多个值作为列表返回，然后使用to_list()

import pandas as pd

dat = [ [i, 10*i] for i in range(100000)]

df = pd.DataFrame(dat, columns = ["a","b"])

def add_and_div(x):
    add = x + 3
    div = x / 3
    return [add, div]

start = time.time()
df[['c','d']] = df['a'].apply(lambda x: add_and_div(x)).to_list()
end = time.time()

print(end-start) # output: 0.27606

我想在groupby上使用apply。我试着用你建议的方法。它确实对我有帮助，但不是全部。

添加result_type='expand'没有工作(因为我在系列上使用apply而不是DataFrame?)和zip(*___)，我失去了索引。

如果其他人也有同样的问题，下面是我(最终)解决它的方法:

dfg = df.groupby(by=['Column1','Column2']).Column3.apply(myfunc)
dfres = pd.DataFrame()
dfres['a'], dfres['b'], dfres['c'] = (dfg.apply(lambda x: x[0]), dfg.apply(lambda x: x[1]), dfg.apply(lambda x: x[2])) 

或者你知道更好的办法。告诉我。

如果这超出了我们讨论的范围，请告诉我。

You can go 40+ times faster than the top answers here if you do your math in numpy instead. Adapting @Rocky K's top two answers. The main difference is running on an actual df of 120k rows. Numpy is way faster at math when you apply your functions array-wise (instead of applying a function value-wise). The best answer is by far the third one because it uses numpy for the math. Also notice that it only calculates 1024**2 and 1024**3 once each instead of once for each row, saving 240k calculations. Here are the timings on my machine:

Tuples (pass value, return tuple then zip, new columns dont exist):
Runtime: 10.935037851333618 

Tuples (pass value, return tuple then zip, new columns exist):
Runtime: 11.120025157928467 

Use numpy for math portions:
Runtime: 0.24799370765686035

以下是我用来计算这些时间的脚本(改编自Rocky K):

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import locale
import time

size = np.random.random(120000) * 1000000000
data = pd.DataFrame({'Size': size})

def sizes_pass_value_return_tuple(value):
    a = locale.format_string("%.1f", value / 1024.0, grouping=True) + ' KB'
    b = locale.format_string("%.1f", value / 1024.0 ** 2, grouping=True) + ' MB'
    c = locale.format_string("%.1f", value / 1024.0 ** 3, grouping=True) + ' GB'
    return a, b, c

print('\nTuples (pass value, return tuple then zip, new columns dont exist):')
df1 = data.copy()
start = time.time()
df1['size_kb'],  df1['size_mb'], df1['size_gb'] = zip(*df1['Size'].apply(sizes_pass_value_return_tuple))
end = time.time()
print('Runtime:', end - start, '\n')

print('Tuples (pass value, return tuple then zip, new columns exist):')
df2 = data.copy()
start = time.time()
df2 = pd.concat([df2, pd.DataFrame(columns=['size_kb', 'size_mb', 'size_gb'])])
df2['size_kb'],  df2['size_mb'], df2['size_gb'] = zip(*df2['Size'].apply(sizes_pass_value_return_tuple))
end = time.time()
print('Runtime:', end - start, '\n')

print('Use numpy for math portions:')
df3 = data.copy()
start = time.time()
df3['size_kb'] = (df3.Size.values / 1024).round(1)
df3['size_kb'] = df3.size_kb.astype(str) + ' KB'
df3['size_mb'] = (df3.Size.values / 1024 ** 2).round(1)
df3['size_mb'] = df3.size_mb.astype(str) + ' MB'
df3['size_gb'] = (df3.Size.values / 1024 ** 3).round(1)
df3['size_gb'] = df3.size_gb.astype(str) + ' GB'
end = time.time()
print('Runtime:', end - start, '\n')

我相信1.1版本打破了上面答案中建议的行为。

import pandas as pd
def test_func(row):
    row['c'] = str(row['a']) + str(row['b'])
    row['d'] = row['a'] + 1
    return row

df = pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3], 'b': ['i', 'j', 'k']})
df.apply(test_func, axis=1)

上面的代码在pandas 1.1.0上运行返回:

   a  b   c  d
0  1  i  1i  2
1  1  i  1i  2
2  1  i  1i  2

而在熊猫1.0.5中，它返回:

   a   b    c  d
0  1   i   1i  2
1  2   j   2j  3
2  3   k   3k  4

我想这是你所期望的。

不确定发布说明如何解释这种行为，但是正如这里所解释的那样，通过复制原始行来避免突变，从而恢复旧的行为。例如:

def test_func(row):
    row = row.copy()   #  <---- Avoid mutating the original reference
    row['c'] = str(row['a']) + str(row['b'])
    row['d'] = row['a'] + 1
    return row

简单明了:

def func(item_df):
  return [1,'Label 1'] if item_df['col_0'] > 0 else [0,'Label 0']
 
my_df[['col_1','col2']] = my_df.apply(func, axis=1,result_type='expand')

通常，为了返回多个值，我就是这样做的

def gimmeMultiple(group):
    x1 = 1
    x2 = 2
    return array([[1, 2]])
def gimmeMultipleDf(group):
    x1 = 1
    x2 = 2
    return pd.DataFrame(array([[1,2]]), columns=['x1', 'x2'])
df['size'].astype(int).apply(gimmeMultiple)
df['size'].astype(int).apply(gimmeMultipleDf)

返回一个数据帧肯定有它的好处，但有时不是必需的。您可以查看apply()返回的内容，并对函数进行一些操作;)