有很多类似的解决方案可能会起作用。下面是一个简单有效的方法来完成try/catch，并在评论中进行了解释。

#!/bin/bash

function a() {
  # do some stuff here
}
function b() {
  # do more stuff here
}

# this subshell is a scope of try
# try
(
  # this flag will make to exit from current subshell on any error
  # inside it (all functions run inside will also break on any error)
  set -e
  a
  b
  # do more stuff here
)
# and here we catch errors
# catch
errorCode=$?
if [ $errorCode -ne 0 ]; then
  echo "We have an error"
  # We exit the all script with the same error, if you don't want to
  # exit it and continue, just delete this line.
  exit $errorCode
fi

你可以使用trap:

try {block A} catch {block B} finally {block C}

翻译:

(
  set -Ee
  function _catch {
    block B
    exit 0  # optional; use if you don't want to propagate (rethrow) error to outer shell
  }
  function _finally {
    block C
  }
  trap _catch ERR
  trap _finally EXIT
  block A
)

假设终端应用名为'app'(你希望它在你的$PATH中):

if [[ ! `which app` ]]; then
    # run code if app not installed
else
    # run code if app is installed
fi

正如大家所说，bash没有适当的语言支持的try/catch语法。您可以使用-e参数启动bash，或者在脚本中使用set -e来中止整个bash进程，如果任何命令有非零退出码的话。(你也可以设置+e来临时允许失败的命令。)

因此，模拟try/catch块的一种技术是在启用-e的情况下启动子进程来完成工作。然后在主进程中，检查子进程的返回码。

Bash支持heredoc字符串，因此不需要编写两个单独的文件来处理这个问题。在下面的示例中，TRY heredoc将在单独的bash实例中运行，并启用了-e，因此如果任何命令返回非零退出码，子进程将崩溃。然后，回到主进程，我们可以检查返回代码以处理一个catch块。

#!/bin/bash

set +e
bash -e <<TRY
  echo hello
  cd /does/not/exist
  echo world
TRY
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  echo caught exception
fi

它不是一个适当的语言支持的try/catch块，但它可能会为您带来类似的体验。

根据我在这里找到的一些答案，我为自己的项目制作了一个小的帮助文件:

trycatch.sh

#!/bin/bash

function try()
{
    [[ $- = *e* ]]; SAVED_OPT_E=$?
    set +e
}

function throw()
{
    exit $1
}

function catch()
{
    export ex_code=$?
    (( $SAVED_OPT_E )) && set +e
    return $ex_code
}

function throwErrors()
{
    set -e
}

function ignoreErrors()
{
    set +e
}

下面是它在使用中的示例:

#!/bin/bash
export AnException=100
export AnotherException=101

# start with a try
try
(   # open a subshell !!!
    echo "do something"
    [ someErrorCondition ] && throw $AnException

    echo "do something more"
    executeCommandThatMightFail || throw $AnotherException

    throwErrors # automaticatly end the try block, if command-result is non-null
    echo "now on to something completely different"
    executeCommandThatMightFail

    echo "it's a wonder we came so far"
    executeCommandThatFailsForSure || true # ignore a single failing command

    ignoreErrors # ignore failures of commands until further notice
    executeCommand1ThatFailsForSure
    local result = $(executeCommand2ThatFailsForSure)
    [ result != "expected error" ] && throw $AnException # ok, if it's not an expected error, we want to bail out!
    executeCommand3ThatFailsForSure

    # make sure to clear $ex_code, otherwise catch * will run
    # echo "finished" does the trick for this example
    echo "finished"
)
# directly after closing the subshell you need to connect a group to the catch using ||
catch || {
    # now you can handle
    case $ex_code in
        $AnException)
            echo "AnException was thrown"
        ;;
        $AnotherException)
            echo "AnotherException was thrown"
        ;;
        *)
            echo "An unexpected exception was thrown"
            throw $ex_code # you can rethrow the "exception" causing the script to exit if not caught
        ;;
    esac
}

你有陷阱http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_12_02.html，这是不一样的，但你可以使用其他技术来达到这个目的