在c#中合并2个或更多字典(Dictionary<TKey, TValue>)的最佳方法是什么?
(像LINQ这样的3.0特性就可以了)。
我正在考虑一个方法签名,如下所示:
public static Dictionary<TKey,TValue>
Merge<TKey,TValue>(Dictionary<TKey,TValue>[] dictionaries);
or
public static Dictionary<TKey,TValue>
Merge<TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<Dictionary<TKey,TValue>> dictionaries);
关于重复键的处理:在发生冲突的情况下,保存到字典中的值并不重要,只要它是一致的。
如何添加一个参数重载?
此外,您应该将它们输入为dictionary以获得最大的灵活性。
public static IDictionary<TKey, TValue> Merge<TKey, TValue>(IEnumerable<IDictionary<TKey, TValue>> dictionaries)
{
// ...
}
public static IDictionary<TKey, TValue> Merge<TKey, TValue>(params IDictionary<TKey, TValue>[] dictionaries)
{
return Merge((IEnumerable<TKey, TValue>) dictionaries);
}
与之前没有LINQ的情况下再次简化,如果存在则使用bool默认值非破坏性合并,如果为true则完全覆盖,而不是使用enum。它仍然适合我自己的需要,而不需要任何花哨的代码:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
public static partial class Extensions
{
public static void Merge<K, V>(this IDictionary<K, V> target,
IDictionary<K, V> source,
bool overwrite = false)
{
foreach (KeyValuePair _ in source)
if (overwrite || !target.ContainsKey(_.Key))
target[_.Key] = _.Value;
}
}
如果有多个键(“右”键取代“左”键),这不会爆炸,可以合并一些字典(如果需要),并保留类型(限制它需要一个有意义的默认公共构造函数):
public static class DictionaryExtensions
{
// Works in C#3/VS2008:
// Returns a new dictionary of this ... others merged leftward.
// Keeps the type of 'this', which must be default-instantiable.
// Example:
// result = map.MergeLeft(other1, other2, ...)
public static T MergeLeft<T,K,V>(this T me, params IDictionary<K,V>[] others)
where T : IDictionary<K,V>, new()
{
T newMap = new T();
foreach (IDictionary<K,V> src in
(new List<IDictionary<K,V>> { me }).Concat(others)) {
// ^-- echk. Not quite there type-system.
foreach (KeyValuePair<K,V> p in src) {
newMap[p.Key] = p.Value;
}
}
return newMap;
}
}
这个聚会现在几乎已经死了,但是user166390的“改进”版本已经进入了我的扩展库。
除了一些细节之外,我还添加了一个委托来计算合并的值。
/// <summary>
/// Merges a dictionary against an array of other dictionaries.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TResult">The type of the resulting dictionary.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TKey">The type of the key in the resulting dictionary.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the value in the resulting dictionary.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The source dictionary.</param>
/// <param name="mergeBehavior">A delegate returning the merged value. (Parameters in order: The current key, The current value, The previous value)</param>
/// <param name="mergers">Dictionaries to merge against.</param>
/// <returns>The merged dictionary.</returns>
public static TResult MergeLeft<TResult, TKey, TValue>(
this TResult source,
Func<TKey, TValue, TValue, TValue> mergeBehavior,
params IDictionary<TKey, TValue>[] mergers)
where TResult : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>, new()
{
var result = new TResult();
var sources = new List<IDictionary<TKey, TValue>> { source }
.Concat(mergers);
foreach (var kv in sources.SelectMany(src => src))
{
TValue previousValue;
result.TryGetValue(kv.Key, out previousValue);
result[kv.Key] = mergeBehavior(kv.Key, kv.Value, previousValue);
}
return result;
}
@user166390的回答版本增加了一个IEqualityComparer参数,以允许不区分大小写的键比较。
public static T MergeLeft<T, K, V>(this T me, params Dictionary<K, V>[] others)
where T : Dictionary<K, V>, new()
{
return me.MergeLeft(me.Comparer, others);
}
public static T MergeLeft<T, K, V>(this T me, IEqualityComparer<K> comparer, params Dictionary<K, V>[] others)
where T : Dictionary<K, V>, new()
{
T newMap = Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(T), new object[] { comparer }) as T;
foreach (Dictionary<K, V> src in
(new List<Dictionary<K, V>> { me }).Concat(others))
{
// ^-- echk. Not quite there type-system.
foreach (KeyValuePair<K, V> p in src)
{
newMap[p.Key] = p.Value;
}
}
return newMap;
}