它在RFC 2045中定义为一个特殊的填充字符，如果在编码数据的末尾可用的比特数少于24位。

=是填充字符。如果输入流的长度不是3的倍数，则填充字符将被添加。这是解码器所要求的:如果没有填充，最后一个字节将有一个不正确的零位数。

更好更深入的解释在这里:https://base64tool.com/detect-whether-provided-string-is-base64-or-not/

它起到填充的作用。

一个更完整的答案是，base64编码的字符串并不总是以一个=结尾，如果需要将字符串填充到适当的长度，它只会以一个或两个=结尾。

http://www.hcidata.info/base64.htm

将“Mary had”编码为64进制

In this example we are using a simple text string ("Mary had") but the principle holds no matter what the data is (e.g. graphics file). To convert each 24 bits of input data to 32 bits of output, Base 64 encoding splits the 24 bits into 4 chunks of 6 bits. The first problem we notice is that "Mary had" is not a multiple of 3 bytes - it is 8 bytes long. Because of this, the last group of bits is only 4 bits long. To remedy this we add two extra bits of '0' and remember this fact by putting a '=' at the end. If the text string to be converted to Base 64 was 7 bytes long, the last group would have had 2 bits. In this case we would have added four extra bits of '0' and remember this fact by putting '==' at the end.

不。 将base64编码的字符串填充为长度为4个字符的倍数，以便能够正确解码。

从维基百科:

最后的'=='序列表示最后一组只包含一个字节，'='表示它包含两个字节。

因此，这是某种填充。