我有这个错误信息:

Msg 8134,级别16,状态1,第1行,除以零错误。

写SQL代码的最好方法是什么,这样我就再也不会看到这个错误消息了?

我可以做以下任何一件事:

添加where子句,使除数永远不为零

Or

我可以添加一个case语句,这样就可以对0进行特殊处理。

使用NULLIF子句是最好的方法吗?

有没有更好的办法,或者如何实施?


当前回答

用零代替“除零”是有争议的,但这也不是唯一的选择。在某些情况下,用1代替是(合理的)合适的。我经常发现自己吸毒

 ISNULL(Numerator/NULLIF(Divisor,0),1)

当我在看分数/计数的变化,并希望默认为1,如果我没有数据。例如

NewScore = OldScore *  ISNULL(NewSampleScore/NULLIF(OldSampleScore,0),1) 

通常情况下,我实际上在其他地方计算过这个比率(尤其是因为它可以为低分母提供一些非常大的调整因素)。在这种情况下,我通常控制OldSampleScore大于阈值;这就排除了零的可能性。但有时“hack”是合适的。

其他回答

我写了一个函数来处理我的存储过程:

print 'Creating safeDivide Stored Proc ...'
go

if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where  name = 'safeDivide') drop function safeDivide;
go

create function dbo.safeDivide( @Numerator decimal(38,19), @divisor decimal(39,19))
   returns decimal(38,19)
begin
 -- **************************************************************************
 --  Procedure: safeDivide()
 --     Author: Ron Savage, Central, ex: 1282
 --       Date: 06/22/2004
 --
 --  Description:
 --  This function divides the first argument by the second argument after
 --  checking for NULL or 0 divisors to avoid "divide by zero" errors.
 -- Change History:
 --
 -- Date        Init. Description
 -- 05/14/2009  RS    Updated to handle really freaking big numbers, just in
 --                   case. :-)
 -- 05/14/2009  RS    Updated to handle negative divisors.
 -- **************************************************************************
   declare @p_product    decimal(38,19);

   select @p_product = null;

   if ( @divisor is not null and @divisor <> 0 and @Numerator is not null )
      select @p_product = @Numerator / @divisor;

   return(@p_product)
end
go

添加一个CHECK约束,强制除数为非零 向表单添加验证器,以便用户不能在该字段中输入零值。

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.Divide(@Numerator Real, @Denominator Real)
RETURNS Real AS
/*
Purpose:      Handle Division by Zero errors
Description:  User Defined Scalar Function
Parameter(s): @Numerator and @Denominator

Test it:

SELECT 'Numerator = 0' Division, dbo.fn_CORP_Divide(0,16) Results
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Denominator = 0', dbo.fn_CORP_Divide(16,0)
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Numerator is NULL', dbo.fn_CORP_Divide(NULL,16)
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Denominator is NULL', dbo.fn_CORP_Divide(16,NULL)
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Numerator & Denominator is NULL', dbo.fn_CORP_Divide(NULL,NULL)
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Numerator & Denominator = 0', dbo.fn_CORP_Divide(0,0)
UNION ALL
SELECT '16 / 4', dbo.fn_CORP_Divide(16,4)
UNION ALL
SELECT '16 / 3', dbo.fn_CORP_Divide(16,3)

*/
BEGIN
    RETURN
        CASE WHEN @Denominator = 0 THEN
            NULL
        ELSE
            @Numerator / @Denominator
        END
END
GO

There is no magic global setting 'turn division by 0 exceptions off'. The operation has to to throw, since the mathematical meaning of x/0 is different from the NULL meaning, so it cannot return NULL. I assume you are taking care of the obvious and your queries have conditions that should eliminate the records with the 0 divisor and never evaluate the division. The usual 'gotcha' is than most developers expect SQL to behave like procedural languages and offer logical operator short-circuit, but it does NOT. I recommend you read this article: http://www.sqlmag.com/Articles/ArticleID/9148/pg/2/2.html

SELECT Dividend / ISNULL(NULLIF(Divisor,0), 1) AS Result from table

通过使用nullif()捕获零,然后使用isnull()捕获结果为零,可以避免除零错误。