封装意味着隐藏数据，比如使用getter和setter等。

抽象意味着-隐藏实现使用抽象类和接口等。

我试图在抽象和封装之间画一条线，根据我的观点，抽象更多的是概念性的东西，而封装是抽象实现的一种。因为一个人可以隐藏数据而不封装，例如使用私有常数或变量;所以我们可以用数据隐藏进行封装，但数据隐藏并不总是封装。在下面这段代码中，我试图描述这些概念的最简单形式。

    // Abstraction
    interface IOperation
    {
        int SquareNumber();
    }

    public class Operation
    {
        // Data hiding
        private int number;

        public Operation(int _number)
        {
            this.number = _number;
        }

        // Encapsulation
        public int SquareNumber()
        {
            return number * number;
        }
    }

在行动,

IOperation obj = new Operation(2); 
// obj.number  <--- can't access because hidden from world using private access modifier but not encapsulated. 
obj.SquareNumber(); // cannot access internal logic to calculate square because logic is hidden using encapsulation.

简而言之:

抽象是一种帮助我们识别哪些特定信息是必要的，哪些信息应该隐藏的技术。

因此，封装是一种以隐藏对象的细节和实现细节的方式封装信息的技术。

抽象:抽象的意思是显示功能的哪一部分。

封装:封装意味着隐藏功能的How部分。

让我们举一个非常简单的例子

/// <summary>
/// We have an Employee class having two properties EmployeeName and EmployeeCode
/// </summary>
public class Employee
{
    public string EmplpyeeName { get; set; }
    public string EmployeeCode { get; set; }

    // Add new employee to DB is the main functionality, so are making it public so that we can expose it to external environment
    // This is ABSTRACTION
    public void AddEmployee(Employee obj)
    {
        // "Creation of DB connection" and "To check if employee exists" are internal details which we have hide from external environment
        // You can see that these methods are private, external environment just need "What" part only
        CreateDBConnection();
        CheckIfEmployeeExists();
    }


    // ENCAPLUSATION using private keyword
    private bool CheckIfEmployeeExists()
    {
        // Here we can validate if the employee already exists
        return true;
    }

    // ENCAPLUSATION using private keyword
    private void CreateDBConnection()
    {
        // Create DB connection code
    }
}

控制台应用程序程序类

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Employee obj = new Employee();
        obj.EmplpyeeName = "001";
        obj.EmployeeCode = "Raj";

        // We have exposed only what part of the functionality
        obj.AddEmployee(obj);
    }
}

两者之间存在差异

ABSTRAACTION

and

封装

1.    First difference between Abstraction and Encapsulation is that, Abstraction is implemented in Java using interface and abstract class while Encapsulation is implemented using private, package-private and protected access modifier.

2.    Data abstraction simply means generalizing something to hide the complex logic that goes underneath where Encapsulation is DATA HIDING.


3.    Encapsulation is combining related logic data (variables and methods) where as Abstraction is hiding internal implementation details and expose only relevant details to the user. In a way you can Abstraction is achieved by Encapsulation.

抽象让您关注对象做了什么，而不是它是如何做的 封装意味着隐藏对象如何做某事的内部细节或机制。

就像你开车时，你知道油门踏板的作用，但你可能不知道它背后的过程，因为它是封装的。

让我用c#举个例子。假设你有一个整数:

int Number = 5;
string aStrNumber = Number.ToString();

你可以使用像number . tostring()这样的方法，它返回数字5的字符表示，并将其存储在字符串对象中。该方法告诉您它做了什么，而不是如何做。