如果你懒得记参数位置是什么你想做一些类似ruby参数哈希的东西。您可以使用一个参数传入一个字符串，然后将该字符串正则化为一个选项散列。

namespace :dummy_data do
  desc "Tests options hash like arguments"
  task :test, [:options] => :environment do |t, args|
    arg_options = args[:options] || '' # nil catch incase no options are provided
    two_d_array = arg_options.scan(/\W*(\w*): (\w*)\W*/)
    puts two_d_array.to_s + ' # options are regexed into a 2d array'
    string_key_hash = two_d_array.to_h
    puts string_key_hash.to_s + ' # options are in a hash with keys as strings'
    options = two_d_array.map {|p| [p[0].to_sym, p[1]]}.to_h
    puts options.to_s + ' # options are in a hash with symbols'
    default_options = {users: '50', friends: '25', colour: 'red', name: 'tom'}
    options = default_options.merge(options)
    puts options.to_s + ' # default option values are merged into options'
  end
end

在命令行中。

$ rake dummy_data:test["users: 100 friends: 50 colour: red"]
[["users", "100"], ["friends", "50"], ["colour", "red"]] # options are regexed into a 2d array
{"users"=>"100", "friends"=>"50", "colour"=>"red"} # options are in a hash with keys as strings
{:users=>"100", :friends=>"50", :colour=>"red"} # options are in a hash with symbols
{:users=>"100", :friends=>"50", :colour=>"red", :name=>"tom"} # default option values are merged into options

选项和依赖项需要在数组中:

namespace :thing do
  desc "it does a thing"
  task :work, [:option, :foo, :bar] do |task, args|
    puts "work", args
  end
  
  task :another, [:option, :foo, :bar] do |task, args|
    puts "another #{args}"
    Rake::Task["thing:work"].invoke(args[:option], args[:foo], args[:bar])
    # or splat the args
    # Rake::Task["thing:work"].invoke(*args)
  end

end

Then

rake thing:work[1,2,3]
=> work: {:option=>"1", :foo=>"2", :bar=>"3"}

rake thing:another[1,2,3]
=> another {:option=>"1", :foo=>"2", :bar=>"3"}
=> work: {:option=>"1", :foo=>"2", :bar=>"3"}

注意:变量任务是任务对象，除非你知道/关心Rake内部，否则没有多大帮助。

RAILS的注意:

如果从Rails运行任务，最好通过添加=> [:environment]来预加载环境，这是一种设置依赖任务的方法。

  task :work, [:option, :foo, :bar] => [:environment] do |task, args|
    puts "work", args
  end

通过向任务调用中添加符号参数，可以在rake中指定正式参数。例如:

require 'rake'

task :my_task, [:arg1, :arg2] do |t, args|
  puts "Args were: #{args} of class #{args.class}"
  puts "arg1 was: '#{args[:arg1]}' of class #{args[:arg1].class}"
  puts "arg2 was: '#{args[:arg2]}' of class #{args[:arg2].class}"
end

task :invoke_my_task do
  Rake.application.invoke_task("my_task[1, 2]")
end

# or if you prefer this syntax...
task :invoke_my_task_2 do
  Rake::Task[:my_task].invoke(3, 4)
end

# a task with prerequisites passes its 
# arguments to it prerequisites
task :with_prerequisite, [:arg1, :arg2] => :my_task #<- name of prerequisite task

# to specify default values, 
# we take advantage of args being a Rake::TaskArguments object
task :with_defaults, :arg1, :arg2 do |t, args|
  args.with_defaults(:arg1 => :default_1, :arg2 => :default_2)
  puts "Args with defaults were: #{args}"
end

然后，从命令行:

> rake my_task[1,false]
Args were: {:arg1=>"1", :arg2=>"false"} of class Rake::TaskArguments
arg1 was: '1' of class String
arg2 was: 'false' of class String

> rake "my_task[1, 2]"
Args were: {:arg1=>"1", :arg2=>"2"}

> rake invoke_my_task
Args were: {:arg1=>"1", :arg2=>"2"}

> rake invoke_my_task_2
Args were: {:arg1=>3, :arg2=>4}

> rake with_prerequisite[5,6]
Args were: {:arg1=>"5", :arg2=>"6"}

> rake with_defaults
Args with defaults were: {:arg1=>:default_1, :arg2=>:default_2}

> rake with_defaults['x','y']
Args with defaults were: {:arg1=>"x", :arg2=>"y"}

正如第二个示例中所演示的，如果您想使用空格，则需要在目标名称周围加上引号，以防止shell在空格处分隔参数。

查看rake中的代码。Rb, rake似乎没有解析任务字符串来提取先决条件的参数，因此不能执行task:t1 => "dep[1,2]"。为先决条件指定不同参数的唯一方法是在依赖任务操作中显式地调用它，如:invoke_my_task和:invoke_my_task_2。

注意，一些shell(如zsh)需要转义括号:

使用传统的参数样式运行rake任务:

rake task arg1 arg2

然后使用:

task :task do |_, args|
  puts "This is argument 1: #{args.first}"
end

添加以下rake gem补丁:

Rake::Application.class_eval do

  alias origin_top_level top_level

  def top_level
    @top_level_tasks = [top_level_tasks.join(' ')]
    origin_top_level
  end

  def parse_task_string(string) # :nodoc:
    parts = string.split ' '
    return parts.shift, parts
  end

end

Rake::Task.class_eval do

  def invoke(*args)
    invoke_with_call_chain(args, Rake::InvocationChain::EMPTY)
  end

end

要将参数传递给默认任务，可以这样做。例如，说 "version"是你的论点:

task :default, [:version] => [:build]

task :build, :version do |t,args|
  version = args[:version]
  puts version ? "version is #{version}" : "no version passed"
end

然后你可以这样调用它:

$ rake
no version passed

or

$ rake default[3.2.1]
version is 3.2.1

or

$ rake build[3.2.1]
version is 3.2.1

但是，我还没有找到一种方法来避免在传递参数时指定任务名称(默认或构建)。如果有人知道办法，我很乐意听听。

在上面的答案中，传递参数的方法是正确的。然而，要运行带有参数的rake任务，新版本的rails涉及到一个小技术问题

它将与rake“namespace:taskname['argument1']”一起工作

注意从命令行运行任务时使用的倒引号。