如果你懒得记参数位置是什么你想做一些类似ruby参数哈希的东西。您可以使用一个参数传入一个字符串，然后将该字符串正则化为一个选项散列。

namespace :dummy_data do
  desc "Tests options hash like arguments"
  task :test, [:options] => :environment do |t, args|
    arg_options = args[:options] || '' # nil catch incase no options are provided
    two_d_array = arg_options.scan(/\W*(\w*): (\w*)\W*/)
    puts two_d_array.to_s + ' # options are regexed into a 2d array'
    string_key_hash = two_d_array.to_h
    puts string_key_hash.to_s + ' # options are in a hash with keys as strings'
    options = two_d_array.map {|p| [p[0].to_sym, p[1]]}.to_h
    puts options.to_s + ' # options are in a hash with symbols'
    default_options = {users: '50', friends: '25', colour: 'red', name: 'tom'}
    options = default_options.merge(options)
    puts options.to_s + ' # default option values are merged into options'
  end
end

在命令行中。

$ rake dummy_data:test["users: 100 friends: 50 colour: red"]
[["users", "100"], ["friends", "50"], ["colour", "red"]] # options are regexed into a 2d array
{"users"=>"100", "friends"=>"50", "colour"=>"red"} # options are in a hash with keys as strings
{:users=>"100", :friends=>"50", :colour=>"red"} # options are in a hash with symbols
{:users=>"100", :friends=>"50", :colour=>"red", :name=>"tom"} # default option values are merged into options

实际上@Nick Desjardins的回答很完美。但只是为了教育:，你可以使用肮脏的方法:，使用ENV参数

task :my_task do
  myvar = ENV['myvar']
  puts "myvar: #{myvar}"
end 

rake my_task myvar=10
#=> myvar: 10

上面描述的大多数方法对我来说都不起作用，也许它们在新版本中已弃用。 最新的指南可以在这里找到:http://guides.rubyonrails.org/command_line.html#custom-rake-tasks

下面是该指南的复制粘贴示例:

task :task_name, [:arg_1] => [:pre_1, :pre_2] do |t, args|
  # You can use args from here
end

像这样调用它

bin/rake "task_name[value 1]" # entire argument string should be quoted

如果你想传递命名参数(例如使用标准OptionParser)，你可以使用这样的东西:

$ rake user:create -- --user test@example.com --pass 123

注意——，这是绕过标准Rake参数所必需的。应该适用于Rake 0.9。X， <= 10.3.x。

更新的Rake已经改变了对——的解析，现在你必须确保它没有传递给OptionParser#parse方法，例如使用parser.parse!(ARGV[2..-1])

require 'rake'
require 'optparse'
# Rake task for creating an account

namespace :user do |args|
  desc 'Creates user account with given credentials: rake user:create'
  # environment is required to have access to Rails models
  task :create do
    options = {}
    OptionParser.new(args) do |opts|
      opts.banner = "Usage: rake user:create [options]"
      opts.on("-u", "--user {username}","User's email address", String) do |user|
        options[:user] = user
      end
      opts.on("-p", "--pass {password}","User's password", String) do |pass|
        options[:pass] = pass
      end
    end.parse!

    puts "creating user account..."
    u = Hash.new
    u[:email] = options[:user]
    u[:password] = options[:pass]
    # with some DB layer like ActiveRecord:
    # user = User.new(u); user.save!
    puts "user: " + u.to_s
    puts "account created."
    exit 0
  end
end

exit将确保额外的参数不会被解释为Rake任务。

参数的快捷方式也可以工作:

 rake user:create -- -u test@example.com -p 123

当rake脚本看起来像这样时，也许是时候寻找另一种工具来实现这一点了。

这里我不明白的一点是如何处理任意参数。如果你传递了任务定义中没有列出的参数，它们仍然可以在args.extras下访问:

task :thing, [:foo] do |task, args|
  puts args[:foo]     # named argument
  puts args.extras    # any additional arguments that were passed
end

通过向任务调用中添加符号参数，可以在rake中指定正式参数。例如:

require 'rake'

task :my_task, [:arg1, :arg2] do |t, args|
  puts "Args were: #{args} of class #{args.class}"
  puts "arg1 was: '#{args[:arg1]}' of class #{args[:arg1].class}"
  puts "arg2 was: '#{args[:arg2]}' of class #{args[:arg2].class}"
end

task :invoke_my_task do
  Rake.application.invoke_task("my_task[1, 2]")
end

# or if you prefer this syntax...
task :invoke_my_task_2 do
  Rake::Task[:my_task].invoke(3, 4)
end

# a task with prerequisites passes its 
# arguments to it prerequisites
task :with_prerequisite, [:arg1, :arg2] => :my_task #<- name of prerequisite task

# to specify default values, 
# we take advantage of args being a Rake::TaskArguments object
task :with_defaults, :arg1, :arg2 do |t, args|
  args.with_defaults(:arg1 => :default_1, :arg2 => :default_2)
  puts "Args with defaults were: #{args}"
end

然后，从命令行:

> rake my_task[1,false]
Args were: {:arg1=>"1", :arg2=>"false"} of class Rake::TaskArguments
arg1 was: '1' of class String
arg2 was: 'false' of class String

> rake "my_task[1, 2]"
Args were: {:arg1=>"1", :arg2=>"2"}

> rake invoke_my_task
Args were: {:arg1=>"1", :arg2=>"2"}

> rake invoke_my_task_2
Args were: {:arg1=>3, :arg2=>4}

> rake with_prerequisite[5,6]
Args were: {:arg1=>"5", :arg2=>"6"}

> rake with_defaults
Args with defaults were: {:arg1=>:default_1, :arg2=>:default_2}

> rake with_defaults['x','y']
Args with defaults were: {:arg1=>"x", :arg2=>"y"}

正如第二个示例中所演示的，如果您想使用空格，则需要在目标名称周围加上引号，以防止shell在空格处分隔参数。

查看rake中的代码。Rb, rake似乎没有解析任务字符串来提取先决条件的参数，因此不能执行task:t1 => "dep[1,2]"。为先决条件指定不同参数的唯一方法是在依赖任务操作中显式地调用它，如:invoke_my_task和:invoke_my_task_2。

注意，一些shell(如zsh)需要转义括号: