如果你懒得记参数位置是什么你想做一些类似ruby参数哈希的东西。您可以使用一个参数传入一个字符串，然后将该字符串正则化为一个选项散列。

namespace :dummy_data do
  desc "Tests options hash like arguments"
  task :test, [:options] => :environment do |t, args|
    arg_options = args[:options] || '' # nil catch incase no options are provided
    two_d_array = arg_options.scan(/\W*(\w*): (\w*)\W*/)
    puts two_d_array.to_s + ' # options are regexed into a 2d array'
    string_key_hash = two_d_array.to_h
    puts string_key_hash.to_s + ' # options are in a hash with keys as strings'
    options = two_d_array.map {|p| [p[0].to_sym, p[1]]}.to_h
    puts options.to_s + ' # options are in a hash with symbols'
    default_options = {users: '50', friends: '25', colour: 'red', name: 'tom'}
    options = default_options.merge(options)
    puts options.to_s + ' # default option values are merged into options'
  end
end

在命令行中。

$ rake dummy_data:test["users: 100 friends: 50 colour: red"]
[["users", "100"], ["friends", "50"], ["colour", "red"]] # options are regexed into a 2d array
{"users"=>"100", "friends"=>"50", "colour"=>"red"} # options are in a hash with keys as strings
{:users=>"100", :friends=>"50", :colour=>"red"} # options are in a hash with symbols
{:users=>"100", :friends=>"50", :colour=>"red", :name=>"tom"} # default option values are merged into options

这里我不明白的一点是如何处理任意参数。如果你传递了任务定义中没有列出的参数，它们仍然可以在args.extras下访问:

task :thing, [:foo] do |task, args|
  puts args[:foo]     # named argument
  puts args.extras    # any additional arguments that were passed
end

desc 'an updated version'
task :task_name, [:arg1, :arg2] => [:dependency1, :dependency2] do |t, args|
    puts args[:arg1]
end

上面描述的大多数方法对我来说都不起作用，也许它们在新版本中已弃用。 最新的指南可以在这里找到:http://guides.rubyonrails.org/command_line.html#custom-rake-tasks

下面是该指南的复制粘贴示例:

task :task_name, [:arg_1] => [:pre_1, :pre_2] do |t, args|
  # You can use args from here
end

像这样调用它

bin/rake "task_name[value 1]" # entire argument string should be quoted

除了kch的回答(我不知道如何留下评论，对不起):

在rake命令之前，您不必将变量指定为ENV变量。你可以像设置命令行参数一样设置它们:

rake mytask var=foo

然后从rake文件中访问这些ENV变量，就像这样:

p ENV['var'] # => "foo"

namespace :namespace1 do
  task :task1, [:arg1, :arg2, :arg3] => :environment do |_t, args|
    p args[:arg1]
  end
end

调用

rake namespace1: task1(“1”、“2”、“3”)

不需要在调用时提供环境

在ZSH中需要附上引号

rake namespace1: task1(“1”、“2”、“3”)”