选项和依赖项需要在数组中:

namespace :thing do
  desc "it does a thing"
  task :work, [:option, :foo, :bar] do |task, args|
    puts "work", args
  end
  
  task :another, [:option, :foo, :bar] do |task, args|
    puts "another #{args}"
    Rake::Task["thing:work"].invoke(args[:option], args[:foo], args[:bar])
    # or splat the args
    # Rake::Task["thing:work"].invoke(*args)
  end

end

Then

rake thing:work[1,2,3]
=> work: {:option=>"1", :foo=>"2", :bar=>"3"}

rake thing:another[1,2,3]
=> another {:option=>"1", :foo=>"2", :bar=>"3"}
=> work: {:option=>"1", :foo=>"2", :bar=>"3"}

注意:变量任务是任务对象，除非你知道/关心Rake内部，否则没有多大帮助。

RAILS的注意:

如果从Rails运行任务，最好通过添加=> [:environment]来预加载环境，这是一种设置依赖任务的方法。

  task :work, [:option, :foo, :bar] => [:environment] do |task, args|
    puts "work", args
  end

除了kch的回答(我不知道如何留下评论，对不起):

在rake命令之前，您不必将变量指定为ENV变量。你可以像设置命令行参数一样设置它们:

rake mytask var=foo

然后从rake文件中访问这些ENV变量，就像这样:

p ENV['var'] # => "foo"

通过向任务调用中添加符号参数，可以在rake中指定正式参数。例如:

require 'rake'

task :my_task, [:arg1, :arg2] do |t, args|
  puts "Args were: #{args} of class #{args.class}"
  puts "arg1 was: '#{args[:arg1]}' of class #{args[:arg1].class}"
  puts "arg2 was: '#{args[:arg2]}' of class #{args[:arg2].class}"
end

task :invoke_my_task do
  Rake.application.invoke_task("my_task[1, 2]")
end

# or if you prefer this syntax...
task :invoke_my_task_2 do
  Rake::Task[:my_task].invoke(3, 4)
end

# a task with prerequisites passes its 
# arguments to it prerequisites
task :with_prerequisite, [:arg1, :arg2] => :my_task #<- name of prerequisite task

# to specify default values, 
# we take advantage of args being a Rake::TaskArguments object
task :with_defaults, :arg1, :arg2 do |t, args|
  args.with_defaults(:arg1 => :default_1, :arg2 => :default_2)
  puts "Args with defaults were: #{args}"
end

然后，从命令行:

> rake my_task[1,false]
Args were: {:arg1=>"1", :arg2=>"false"} of class Rake::TaskArguments
arg1 was: '1' of class String
arg2 was: 'false' of class String

> rake "my_task[1, 2]"
Args were: {:arg1=>"1", :arg2=>"2"}

> rake invoke_my_task
Args were: {:arg1=>"1", :arg2=>"2"}

> rake invoke_my_task_2
Args were: {:arg1=>3, :arg2=>4}

> rake with_prerequisite[5,6]
Args were: {:arg1=>"5", :arg2=>"6"}

> rake with_defaults
Args with defaults were: {:arg1=>:default_1, :arg2=>:default_2}

> rake with_defaults['x','y']
Args with defaults were: {:arg1=>"x", :arg2=>"y"}

正如第二个示例中所演示的，如果您想使用空格，则需要在目标名称周围加上引号，以防止shell在空格处分隔参数。

查看rake中的代码。Rb, rake似乎没有解析任务字符串来提取先决条件的参数，因此不能执行task:t1 => "dep[1,2]"。为先决条件指定不同参数的唯一方法是在依赖任务操作中显式地调用它，如:invoke_my_task和:invoke_my_task_2。

注意，一些shell(如zsh)需要转义括号:

namespace :namespace1 do
  task :task1, [:arg1, :arg2, :arg3] => :environment do |_t, args|
    p args[:arg1]
  end
end

调用

rake namespace1: task1(“1”、“2”、“3”)

不需要在调用时提供环境

在ZSH中需要附上引号

rake namespace1: task1(“1”、“2”、“3”)”

如果你懒得记参数位置是什么你想做一些类似ruby参数哈希的东西。您可以使用一个参数传入一个字符串，然后将该字符串正则化为一个选项散列。

namespace :dummy_data do
  desc "Tests options hash like arguments"
  task :test, [:options] => :environment do |t, args|
    arg_options = args[:options] || '' # nil catch incase no options are provided
    two_d_array = arg_options.scan(/\W*(\w*): (\w*)\W*/)
    puts two_d_array.to_s + ' # options are regexed into a 2d array'
    string_key_hash = two_d_array.to_h
    puts string_key_hash.to_s + ' # options are in a hash with keys as strings'
    options = two_d_array.map {|p| [p[0].to_sym, p[1]]}.to_h
    puts options.to_s + ' # options are in a hash with symbols'
    default_options = {users: '50', friends: '25', colour: 'red', name: 'tom'}
    options = default_options.merge(options)
    puts options.to_s + ' # default option values are merged into options'
  end
end

在命令行中。

$ rake dummy_data:test["users: 100 friends: 50 colour: red"]
[["users", "100"], ["friends", "50"], ["colour", "red"]] # options are regexed into a 2d array
{"users"=>"100", "friends"=>"50", "colour"=>"red"} # options are in a hash with keys as strings
{:users=>"100", :friends=>"50", :colour=>"red"} # options are in a hash with symbols
{:users=>"100", :friends=>"50", :colour=>"red", :name=>"tom"} # default option values are merged into options

上面描述的大多数方法对我来说都不起作用，也许它们在新版本中已弃用。 最新的指南可以在这里找到:http://guides.rubyonrails.org/command_line.html#custom-rake-tasks

下面是该指南的复制粘贴示例:

task :task_name, [:arg_1] => [:pre_1, :pre_2] do |t, args|
  # You can use args from here
end

像这样调用它

bin/rake "task_name[value 1]" # entire argument string should be quoted