如何检查一个数字是否是2的幂

今天我需要一个简单的算法来检查一个数字是否是2的幂。

该算法需要:

简单的适用于任何ulong值。

我想出了这个简单的算法:

private bool IsPowerOfTwo(ulong number)
{
    if (number == 0)
        return false;

    for (ulong power = 1; power > 0; power = power << 1)
    {
        // This for loop used shifting for powers of 2, meaning
        // that the value will become 0 after the last shift
        // (from binary 1000...0000 to 0000...0000) then, the 'for'
        // loop will break out.

        if (power == number)
            return true;
        if (power > number)
            return false;
    }
    return false;
}

但后来我想:如何检查log2x是否恰好是一个整数呢?当我检查2^63+1时，Math.Log()因为四舍五入而返回恰好63。我检查了2的63次方是否等于原来的数，结果是正确的，因为计算是双倍的，而不是精确的数字。

private bool IsPowerOfTwo_2(ulong number)
{
    double log = Math.Log(number, 2);
    double pow = Math.Pow(2, Math.Round(log));
    return pow == number;
}

这对于给定的错误值返回true: 9223372036854775809。

有没有更好的算法?

当前回答

如果一个数字只包含1个设置位，则它是2的幂。我们可以使用这个属性和泛型函数countSetBits来判断一个数字是否是2的幂。

这是一个c++程序:

int countSetBits(int n)
{
        int c = 0;
        while(n)
        {
                c += 1;
                n  = n & (n-1);
        }
        return c;
}

bool isPowerOfTwo(int n)
{        
        return (countSetBits(n)==1);
}
int main()
{
    int i, val[] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,15,16,22,32,38,64,70};
    for(i=0; i<sizeof(val)/sizeof(val[0]); i++)
        printf("Num:%d\tSet Bits:%d\t is power of two: %d\n",val[i], countSetBits(val[i]), isPowerOfTwo(val[i]));
    return 0;
}

我们不需要显式地检查0是否是2的幂，因为它对0也返回False。

输出

Num:0   Set Bits:0   is power of two: 0
Num:1   Set Bits:1   is power of two: 1
Num:2   Set Bits:1   is power of two: 1
Num:3   Set Bits:2   is power of two: 0
Num:4   Set Bits:1   is power of two: 1
Num:5   Set Bits:2   is power of two: 0
Num:15  Set Bits:4   is power of two: 0
Num:16  Set Bits:1   is power of two: 1
Num:22  Set Bits:3   is power of two: 0
Num:32  Set Bits:1   is power of two: 1
Num:38  Set Bits:3   is power of two: 0
Num:64  Set Bits:1   is power of two: 1
Num:70  Set Bits:3   is power of two: 0

2012-01-12 09:57:09

其他回答

如果一个数字只包含1个设置位，则它是2的幂。我们可以使用这个属性和泛型函数countSetBits来判断一个数字是否是2的幂。

这是一个c++程序:

int countSetBits(int n)
{
        int c = 0;
        while(n)
        {
                c += 1;
                n  = n & (n-1);
        }
        return c;
}

bool isPowerOfTwo(int n)
{        
        return (countSetBits(n)==1);
}
int main()
{
    int i, val[] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,15,16,22,32,38,64,70};
    for(i=0; i<sizeof(val)/sizeof(val[0]); i++)
        printf("Num:%d\tSet Bits:%d\t is power of two: %d\n",val[i], countSetBits(val[i]), isPowerOfTwo(val[i]));
    return 0;
}

我们不需要显式地检查0是否是2的幂，因为它对0也返回False。

输出

Num:0   Set Bits:0   is power of two: 0
Num:1   Set Bits:1   is power of two: 1
Num:2   Set Bits:1   is power of two: 1
Num:3   Set Bits:2   is power of two: 0
Num:4   Set Bits:1   is power of two: 1
Num:5   Set Bits:2   is power of two: 0
Num:15  Set Bits:4   is power of two: 0
Num:16  Set Bits:1   is power of two: 1
Num:22  Set Bits:3   is power of two: 0
Num:32  Set Bits:1   is power of two: 1
Num:38  Set Bits:3   is power of two: 0
Num:64  Set Bits:1   is power of two: 1
Num:70  Set Bits:3   is power of two: 0

2012-01-12 09:57:09

下面是一个简单的c++解决方案:

bool IsPowerOfTwo( unsigned int i )
{
    return std::bitset<32>(i).count() == 1;
}

2010-08-25 19:53:03

求给定的数是否为2的幂。

#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
    int n,logval,powval;
    printf("Enter a number to find whether it is s power of 2\n");
    scanf("%d",&n);
    logval=log(n)/log(2);
    powval=pow(2,logval);

    if(powval==n)
        printf("The number is a power of 2");
    else
        printf("The number is not a power of 2");

    getch();
    return 0;
}

2010-03-31 11:46:04

return ((x != 0) && !(x & (x - 1)));

如果x是2的幂，它唯一的1位在位置n。这意味着x - 1在位置n有一个0。要了解原因，请回忆一下二进制减法是如何工作的。当x减去1时，借位一直传播到位置n;位n变为0，所有低位变为1。现在，由于x和x - 1没有共同的1位，x & (x - 1)为0，并且!(x & (x - 1))为真。

2012-12-21 11:49:06

bool IsPowerOfTwo(ulong x)
{
    return x > 0 && (x & (x - 1)) == 0;
}

2009-11-26 16:37:51

如何检查一个数字是否是2的幂

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