我已经用了几年的解决方案:

@echo off
rem Refresh PATH from registry.
setlocal
set USR_PATH=
set SYS_PATH=
for /F "tokens=3* skip=2" %%P in ('%SystemRoot%\system32\reg.exe query "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v PATH') do @set "SYS_PATH=%%P %%Q"
for /F "tokens=3* skip=2" %%P in ('%SystemRoot%\system32\reg.exe query "HKCU\Environment" /v PATH') do @set "USR_PATH=%%P %%Q"
if "%SYS_PATH:~-1%"==" " set "SYS_PATH=%SYS_PATH:~0,-1%"
if "%USR_PATH:~-1%"==" " set "USR_PATH=%USR_PATH:~0,-1%"
endlocal & call set "PATH=%SYS_PATH%;%USR_PATH%"
goto :EOF

编辑:糟糕，这是更新版。

我喜欢巧克力之后的方法，就像匿名懦夫的回答，因为这是一个纯粹的批量处理方法。但是，它会留下一个临时文件和一些临时变量。我给自己做了一个更干净的版本。

在路径的某个地方创建一个文件refreshv .bat。通过执行refreshEnv来刷新控制台环境。

@ECHO OFF
REM Source found on https://github.com/DieterDePaepe/windows-scripts
REM Please share any improvements made!

REM Code inspired by http://stackoverflow.com/questions/171588/is-there-a-command-to-refresh-environment-variables-from-the-command-prompt-in-w

IF [%1]==[/?] GOTO :help
IF [%1]==[/help] GOTO :help
IF [%1]==[--help] GOTO :help
IF [%1]==[] GOTO :main

ECHO Unknown command: %1
EXIT /b 1 

:help
ECHO Refresh the environment variables in the console.
ECHO.
ECHO   refreshEnv       Refresh all environment variables.
ECHO   refreshEnv /?        Display this help.
GOTO :EOF

:main
REM Because the environment variables may refer to other variables, we need a 2-step approach.
REM One option is to use delayed variable evaluation, but this forces use of SETLOCAL and
REM may pose problems for files with an '!' in the name.
REM The option used here is to create a temporary batch file that will define all the variables.

REM Check to make sure we don't overwrite an actual file.
IF EXIST %TEMP%\__refreshEnvironment.bat (
  ECHO Environment refresh failed!
  ECHO.
  ECHO This script uses a temporary file "%TEMP%\__refreshEnvironment.bat", which already exists. The script was aborted in order to prevent accidental data loss. Delete this file to enable this script.
  EXIT /b 1
)

REM Read the system environment variables from the registry.
FOR /F "usebackq tokens=1,2,* skip=2" %%I IN (`REG QUERY "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment"`) DO (
  REM /I -> ignore casing, since PATH may also be called Path
  IF /I NOT [%%I]==[PATH] (
    ECHO SET %%I=%%K>>%TEMP%\__refreshEnvironment.bat
  )
)

REM Read the user environment variables from the registry.
FOR /F "usebackq tokens=1,2,* skip=2" %%I IN (`REG QUERY HKCU\Environment`) DO (
  REM /I -> ignore casing, since PATH may also be called Path
  IF /I NOT [%%I]==[PATH] (
    ECHO SET %%I=%%K>>%TEMP%\__refreshEnvironment.bat
  )
)

REM PATH is a special variable: it is automatically merged based on the values in the
REM system and user variables.
REM Read the PATH variable from the system and user environment variables.
FOR /F "usebackq tokens=1,2,* skip=2" %%I IN (`REG QUERY "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v PATH`) DO (
  ECHO SET PATH=%%K>>%TEMP%\__refreshEnvironment.bat
)
FOR /F "usebackq tokens=1,2,* skip=2" %%I IN (`REG QUERY HKCU\Environment /v PATH`) DO (
  ECHO SET PATH=%%PATH%%;%%K>>%TEMP%\__refreshEnvironment.bat
)

REM Load the variable definitions from our temporary file.
CALL %TEMP%\__refreshEnvironment.bat

REM Clean up after ourselves.
DEL /Q %TEMP%\__refreshEnvironment.bat

ECHO Environment successfully refreshed.

我已经用了几年的解决方案:

@echo off
rem Refresh PATH from registry.
setlocal
set USR_PATH=
set SYS_PATH=
for /F "tokens=3* skip=2" %%P in ('%SystemRoot%\system32\reg.exe query "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v PATH') do @set "SYS_PATH=%%P %%Q"
for /F "tokens=3* skip=2" %%P in ('%SystemRoot%\system32\reg.exe query "HKCU\Environment" /v PATH') do @set "USR_PATH=%%P %%Q"
if "%SYS_PATH:~-1%"==" " set "SYS_PATH=%SYS_PATH:~0,-1%"
if "%USR_PATH:~-1%"==" " set "USR_PATH=%USR_PATH:~0,-1%"
endlocal & call set "PATH=%SYS_PATH%;%USR_PATH%"
goto :EOF

编辑:糟糕，这是更新版。

这适用于windows 7: SET PATH=%PATH%

通过输入echo %PATH%测试，它工作正常。也设置如果你打开一个新的cmd，不需要那些讨厌的重新启动:)

根据设计，Windows没有内置机制来将环境变量添加/更改/删除传播到已经运行的cmd.exe中，无论是从另一个cmd.exe还是从“我的电脑->属性->高级设置->环境变量”。

如果在现有的开放命令提示符范围之外修改或添加新的环境变量，则需要重新启动命令提示符，或者在现有的命令提示符中使用SET手动添加。

最新接受的答案通过手动刷新脚本中的所有环境变量显示了部分解决方案。该脚本处理在“My Computer…”中全局更改环境变量的用例。但是如果一个环境变量在一个cmd.exe中被更改，脚本不会将其传播到另一个运行cmd.exe的环境变量中。

编辑:只有当您所做的环境更改是运行批处理文件的结果时，这才有效。

如果批处理文件以SETLOCAL开始，那么即使您在批处理退出前忘记调用ENDLOCAL，或者它意外中止，它也总是会在退出时解开回到原始环境。

几乎我编写的每个批处理文件都是从SETLOCAL开始的，因为在大多数情况下，我不希望环境更改的副作用仍然存在。在某些情况下，我确实希望某些环境变量的变化传播到批处理文件之外，那么我的最后一个ENDLOCAL看起来像这样:

ENDLOCAL & (
  SET RESULT1=%RESULT1%
  SET RESULT2=%RESULT2%
)