如果修改或添加环境变量，则必须重新启动命令提示符。是否有一个命令，我可以执行，将这样做而不重新启动CMD?
当前回答
调用这个函数对我来说很有用:
VOID Win32ForceSettingsChange()
{
DWORD dwReturnValue;
::SendMessageTimeout(HWND_BROADCAST, WM_SETTINGCHANGE, 0, (LPARAM) "Environment", SMTO_ABORTIFHUNG, 5000, &dwReturnValue);
}
其他回答
在最终找到一个更简单的解决方案之前，我偶然发现了这个答案。
只需在任务管理器中重新启动explorer.exe。
我没有测试，但您可能还需要重新打开命令提示符。
这里归功于Timo Huovinen:虽然成功安装了节点但无法识别(如果这对你有帮助，请给这个人的评论加分)。
我已经用了几年的解决方案:
@echo off
rem Refresh PATH from registry.
setlocal
set USR_PATH=
set SYS_PATH=
for /F "tokens=3* skip=2" %%P in ('%SystemRoot%\system32\reg.exe query "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v PATH') do @set "SYS_PATH=%%P %%Q"
for /F "tokens=3* skip=2" %%P in ('%SystemRoot%\system32\reg.exe query "HKCU\Environment" /v PATH') do @set "USR_PATH=%%P %%Q"
if "%SYS_PATH:~-1%"==" " set "SYS_PATH=%SYS_PATH:~0,-1%"
if "%USR_PATH:~-1%"==" " set "USR_PATH=%USR_PATH:~0,-1%"
endlocal & call set "PATH=%SYS_PATH%;%USR_PATH%"
goto :EOF
编辑:糟糕，这是更新版。
我做了一个更好的替代Chocolatey refreshenv cmd和cygwin，解决了很多问题，如:
The Chocolatey refreshenv is so bad if the variable have some cmd meta-characters, see this test: add this to the path in HKCU\Environment: test & echo baaaaaaaaaad, and run the chocolatey refreshenv you will see that it prints baaaaaaaaaad which is very bad, and the new path is not added to your path variable. This script solve this and you can test it with any meta-character, even something so bad like: ; & % ' ( ) ~ + @ # $ { } [ ] , ` ! ^ | > < \ / " : ? * = . - _ & echo baaaad refreshenv adds only system and user environment variables, but CMD adds volatile variables too (HKCU\Volatile Environment). This script will merge all the three and remove any duplicates. refreshenv reset your PATH. This script append the new path to the old path of the parent script which called this script. It is better than overwriting the old path, otherwise it will delete any newly added path by the parent script. This script solve this problem described in a comment here by @Gene Mayevsky: refreshenv modifies env variables TEMP and TMP replacing them with values stored in HKCU\Environment. In my case I run the script to update env variables modified by Jenkins job on a slave that's running under SYSTEM account, so TEMP and TMP get substituted by %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp instead of C:\Windows\Temp. This breaks build because linker cannot open system profile's Temp folder.
我为cmd和cygwin/bash做了一个脚本， 你可以在这里找到他们:https://github.com/badrelmers/RefrEnv
对cmd
这个脚本使用vbscript，所以它可以在所有windows版本xp+
要使用它，将其保存为refrenv.bat并调用call refrenv.bat
<!-- : Begin batch script
@echo off
REM PUSHD "%~dp0"
REM author: Badr Elmers 2021
REM description: refrenv = refresh environment. this is a better alternative to the chocolatey refreshenv for cmd
REM https://github.com/badrelmers/RefrEnv
REM https://stackoverflow.com/questions/171588/is-there-a-command-to-refresh-environment-variables-from-the-command-prompt-in-w
REM ___USAGE_____________________________________________________________
REM usage:
REM call refrenv.bat full refresh. refresh all non critical variables*, and refresh the PATH
REM debug:
REM to debug what this script do create this variable in your parent script like that
REM set debugme=yes
REM then the folder containing the files used to set the variables will be open. Then see
REM _NewEnv.cmd this is the file which run inside your script to setup the new variables, you
REM can also revise the intermediate files _NewEnv.cmd_temp_.cmd and _NewEnv.cmd_temp2_.cmd
REM (those two contains all the variables before removing the duplicates and the unwanted variables)
REM you can also put this script in windows\systems32 or another place in your %PATH% then call it from an interactive console by writing refrenv
REM *critical variables: are variables which belong to cmd/windows and should not be refreshed normally like:
REM - windows vars:
REM ALLUSERSPROFILE APPDATA CommonProgramFiles CommonProgramFiles(x86) CommonProgramW6432 COMPUTERNAME ComSpec HOMEDRIVE HOMEPATH LOCALAPPDATA LOGONSERVER NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS OS PATHEXT PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432 PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER PROCESSOR_LEVEL PROCESSOR_REVISION ProgramData ProgramFiles ProgramFiles(x86) ProgramW6432 PUBLIC SystemDrive SystemRoot TEMP TMP USERDOMAIN USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE USERNAME USERPROFILE windir SESSIONNAME
REM ___INFO_____________________________________________________________
REM :: this script reload environment variables inside cmd every time you want environment changes to propagate, so you do not need to restart cmd after setting a new variable with setx or when installing new apps which add new variables ...etc
REM This is a better alternative to the chocolatey refreshenv for cmd, which solves a lot of problems like:
REM The Chocolatey refreshenv is so bad if the variable have some cmd meta-characters, see this test:
REM add this to the path in HKCU\Environment: test & echo baaaaaaaaaad, and run the chocolatey refreshenv you will see that it prints baaaaaaaaaad which is very bad, and the new path is not added to your path variable.
REM This script solve this and you can test it with any meta-character, even something so bad like:
REM ; & % ' ( ) ~ + @ # $ { } [ ] , ` ! ^ | > < \ / " : ? * = . - _ & echo baaaad
REM refreshenv adds only system and user environment variables, but CMD adds volatile variables too (HKCU\Volatile Environment). This script will merge all the three and remove any duplicates.
REM refreshenv reset your PATH. This script append the new path to the old path of the parent script which called this script. It is better than overwriting the old path, otherwise it will delete any newly added path by the parent script.
REM This script solve this problem described in a comment by @Gene Mayevsky: refreshenv modifies env variables TEMP and TMP replacing them with values stored in HKCU\Environment. In my case I run the script to update env variables modified by Jenkins job on a slave that's running under SYSTEM account, so TEMP and TMP get substituted by %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp instead of C:\Windows\Temp. This breaks build because linker cannot open system profile's Temp folder.
REM ________
REM this script solve things like that too:
REM The confusing thing might be that there are a few places to start the cmd from. In my case I run cmd from windows explorer and the environment variables did not change while when starting cmd from the "run" (windows key + r) the environment variables were changed.
REM In my case I just had to kill the windows explorer process from the task manager and then restart it again from the task manager.
REM Once I did this I had access to the new environment variable from a cmd that was spawned from windows explorer.
REM my conclusion:
REM if I add a new variable with setx, i can access it in cmd only if i run cmd as admin, without admin right i have to restart explorer to see that new variable. but running this script inside my script (who sets the variable with setx) solve this problem and i do not have to restart explorer
REM ________
REM windows recreate the path using three places at less:
REM the User namespace: HKCU\Environment
REM the System namespace: HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment
REM the Session namespace: HKCU\Volatile Environment
REM but the original chocolatey script did not add the volatile path. This script will merge all the three and remove any duplicates. this is what windows do by default too
REM there is this too which cmd seems to read when first running, but it contains only TEMP and TMP,so i will not use it
REM HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Environment
REM ___TESTING_____________________________________________________________
REM to test this script with extreme cases do
REM :: Set a bad variable
REM add a var in reg HKCU\Environment as the following, and see that echo is not executed. if you use refreshenv of chocolatey you will see that echo is executed which is so bad!
REM so save this in reg:
REM all 32 characters: & % ' ( ) ~ + @ # $ { } [ ] ; , ` ! ^ | > < \ / " : ? * = . - _ & echo baaaad
REM and this:
REM (^.*)(Form Product=")([^"]*") FormType="[^"]*" FormID="([0-9][0-9]*)".*$
REM and use set to print those variables and see if they are saved without change ; refreshenv fail dramatically with those variables
REM invalid characters (illegal characters in file names) in Windows using NTFS
REM \ / : * ? " < > | and ^ in FAT
REM __________________________________________________________________________________________
REM __________________________________________________________________________________________
REM __________________________________________________________________________________________
REM this is a hybrid script which call vbs from cmd directly
REM :: The only restriction is the batch code cannot contain - - > (without space between - - > of course)
REM :: The only restriction is the VBS code cannot contain </script>.
REM :: The only risk is the undocumented use of "%~f0?.wsf" as the script to load. Somehow the parser properly finds and loads the running .BAT script "%~f0", and the ?.wsf suffix mysteriously instructs CSCRIPT to interpret the script as WSF. Hopefully MicroSoft will never disable that "feature".
REM :: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9074476/is-it-possible-to-embed-and-execute-vbscript-within-a-batch-file-without-using-a
if "%debugme%"=="yes" (
echo RefrEnv - Refresh the Environment for CMD - ^(Debug enabled^)
) else (
echo RefrEnv - Refresh the Environment for CMD
)
set "TEMPDir=%TEMP%\refrenv"
IF NOT EXIST "%TEMPDir%" mkdir "%TEMPDir%"
set "outputfile=%TEMPDir%\_NewEnv.cmd"
REM detect if DelayedExpansion is enabled
REM It relies on the fact, that the last caret will be removed only in delayed mode.
REM https://www.dostips.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=6496
set "DelayedExpansionState=IsDisabled"
IF "^!" == "^!^" (
REM echo DelayedExpansion is enabled
set "DelayedExpansionState=IsEnabled"
)
REM :: generate %outputfile% which contain all the new variables
REM cscript //nologo "%~f0?.wsf" %1
cscript //nologo "%~f0?.wsf" "%outputfile%" %DelayedExpansionState%
REM ::set the new variables generated with vbscript script above
REM for this to work always it is necessary to use DisableDelayedExpansion or escape ! and ^ when using EnableDelayedExpansion, but this script already solve this, so no worry about that now, thanks to God
REM test it with some bad var like:
REM all 32 characters: ; & % ' ( ) ~ + @ # $ { } [ ] , ` ! ^ | > < \ / " : ? * = . - _ & echo baaaad
REM For /f delims^=^ eol^= %%a in (%outputfile%) do %%a
REM for /f "delims== tokens=1,2" %%G in (%outputfile%) do set "%%G=%%H"
For /f delims^=^ eol^= %%a in (%outputfile%) do set %%a
REM for safely print a variable with bad charachters do:
REM SETLOCAL EnableDelayedExpansion
REM echo "!z9!"
REM or
REM set z9
REM but generally paths and environment variables should not have bad metacharacters, but it is not a rule!
if "%debugme%"=="yes" (
explorer "%TEMPDir%"
) else (
rmdir /Q /S "%TEMPDir%"
)
REM cleanup
set "TEMPDir="
set "outputfile="
set "DelayedExpansionState="
set "debugme="
REM pause
exit /b
REM #############################################################################
REM :: to run jscript you have to put <script language="JScript"> directly after ----- Begin wsf script --->
----- Begin wsf script --->
<job><script language="VBScript">
REM #############################################################################
REM ### put you code here #######################################################
REM #############################################################################
REM based on itsadok script from here
REM https://stackoverflow.com/questions/171588/is-there-a-command-to-refresh-environment-variables-from-the-command-prompt-in-w
REM and it is faster as stated by this comment
REM While I prefer the Chocolatey code-wise for being pure batch code, overall I decided to use this one, since it's faster. (~0.3 seconds instead of ~1 second -- which is nice, since I use it frequently in my Explorer "start cmd here" entry) –
REM and it is safer based on my tests, the Chocolatey refreshenv is so bad if the variable have some cmd metacharacters
Const ForReading = 1
Const ForWriting = 2
Const ForAppending = 8
Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
filename=WScript.Arguments.Item(0)
DelayedExpansionState=WScript.Arguments.Item(1)
TMPfilename=filename & "_temp_.cmd"
Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.fileSystemObject")
Set tmpF = fso.CreateTextFile(TMPfilename, TRUE)
set oEnvS=WshShell.Environment("System")
for each sitem in oEnvS
tmpF.WriteLine(sitem)
next
SystemPath = oEnvS("PATH")
set oEnvU=WshShell.Environment("User")
for each sitem in oEnvU
tmpF.WriteLine(sitem)
next
UserPath = oEnvU("PATH")
set oEnvV=WshShell.Environment("Volatile")
for each sitem in oEnvV
tmpF.WriteLine(sitem)
next
VolatilePath = oEnvV("PATH")
set oEnvP=WshShell.Environment("Process")
REM i will not save the process env but only its path, because it have strange variables like =::=::\ and =F:=.... which seems to be added by vbscript
REM for each sitem in oEnvP
REM tmpF.WriteLine(sitem)
REM next
REM here we add the actual session path, so we do not reset the original path, because maybe the parent script added some folders to the path, If we need to reset the path then comment the following line
ProcessPath = oEnvP("PATH")
REM merge System, User, Volatile, and process PATHs
NewPath = SystemPath & ";" & UserPath & ";" & VolatilePath & ";" & ProcessPath
REM ________________________________________________________________
REM :: remove duplicates from path
REM :: expand variables so they become like windows do when he read reg and create path, then Remove duplicates without sorting
REM why i will clean the path from duplicates? because:
REM the maximum string length in cmd is 8191 characters. But string length doesnt mean that you can save 8191 characters in a variable because also the assignment belongs to the string. you can save 8189 characters because the remaining 2 characters are needed for "a="
REM based on my tests:
REM when i open cmd as user , windows does not remove any duplicates from the path, and merge system+user+volatil path
REM when i open cmd as admin, windows do: system+user path (here windows do not remove duplicates which is stupid!) , then it adds volatil path after removing from it any duplicates
REM ' https://www.rosettacode.org/wiki/Remove_duplicate_elements#VBScript
Function remove_duplicates(list)
arr = Split(list,";")
Set dict = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
REM ' force dictionary compare to be case-insensitive , uncomment to force case-sensitive
dict.CompareMode = 1
For i = 0 To UBound(arr)
If dict.Exists(arr(i)) = False Then
dict.Add arr(i),""
End If
Next
For Each key In dict.Keys
tmp = tmp & key & ";"
Next
remove_duplicates = Left(tmp,Len(tmp)-1)
End Function
REM expand variables
NewPath = WshShell.ExpandEnvironmentStrings(NewPath)
REM remove duplicates
NewPath=remove_duplicates(NewPath)
REM remove_duplicates() will add a ; to the end so lets remove it if the last letter is ;
If Right(NewPath, 1) = ";" Then
NewPath = Left(NewPath, Len(NewPath) - 1)
End If
tmpF.WriteLine("PATH=" & NewPath)
tmpF.Close
REM ________________________________________________________________
REM :: exclude setting variables which may be dangerous to change
REM when i run a script from task scheduler using SYSTEM user the following variables are the differences between the scheduler env and a normal cmd script, so i will not override those variables
REM APPDATA=D:\Users\LLED2\AppData\Roaming
REM APPDATA=D:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Roaming
REM LOCALAPPDATA=D:\Users\LLED2\AppData\Local
REM LOCALAPPDATA=D:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local
REM TEMP=D:\Users\LLED2\AppData\Local\Temp
REM TEMP=D:\Windows\TEMP
REM TMP=D:\Users\LLED2\AppData\Local\Temp
REM TMP=D:\Windows\TEMP
REM USERDOMAIN=LLED2-PC
REM USERDOMAIN=WORKGROUP
REM USERNAME=LLED2
REM USERNAME=LLED2-PC$
REM USERPROFILE=D:\Users\LLED2
REM USERPROFILE=D:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile
REM i know this thanks to this comment
REM The solution is good but it modifies env variables TEMP and TMP replacing them with values stored in HKCU\Environment. In my case I run the script to update env variables modified by Jenkins job on a slave that's running under SYSTEM account, so TEMP and TMP get substituted by %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp instead of C:\Windows\Temp. This breaks build because linker cannot open system profile's Temp folder. – Gene Mayevsky Sep 26 '19 at 20:51
REM Delete Lines of a Text File Beginning with a Specified String
REM those are the variables which should not be changed by this script
arrBlackList = Array("ALLUSERSPROFILE=", "APPDATA=", "CommonProgramFiles=", "CommonProgramFiles(x86)=", "CommonProgramW6432=", "COMPUTERNAME=", "ComSpec=", "HOMEDRIVE=", "HOMEPATH=", "LOCALAPPDATA=", "LOGONSERVER=", "NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS=", "OS=", "PATHEXT=", "PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE=", "PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432=", "PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER=", "PROCESSOR_LEVEL=", "PROCESSOR_REVISION=", "ProgramData=", "ProgramFiles=", "ProgramFiles(x86)=", "ProgramW6432=", "PUBLIC=", "SystemDrive=", "SystemRoot=", "TEMP=", "TMP=", "USERDOMAIN=", "USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE=", "USERNAME=", "USERPROFILE=", "windir=", "SESSIONNAME=")
Set objFS = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set objTS = objFS.OpenTextFile(TMPfilename, ForReading)
strContents = objTS.ReadAll
objTS.Close
TMPfilename2= filename & "_temp2_.cmd"
arrLines = Split(strContents, vbNewLine)
Set objTS = objFS.OpenTextFile(TMPfilename2, ForWriting, True)
REM this is the equivalent of findstr /V /I /L or grep -i -v , i don t know a better way to do it, but it works fine
For Each strLine In arrLines
bypassThisLine=False
For Each BlackWord In arrBlackList
If Left(UCase(LTrim(strLine)),Len(BlackWord)) = UCase(BlackWord) Then
bypassThisLine=True
End If
Next
If bypassThisLine=False Then
objTS.WriteLine strLine
End If
Next
REM ____________________________________________________________
REM :: expand variables because registry save some variables as unexpanded %....%
REM :: and escape ! and ^ for cmd EnableDelayedExpansion mode
set f=fso.OpenTextFile(TMPfilename2,ForReading)
REM Write file: ForAppending = 8 ForReading = 1 ForWriting = 2 , True=create file if not exist
set fW=fso.OpenTextFile(filename,ForWriting,True)
Do Until f.AtEndOfStream
LineContent = f.ReadLine
REM expand variables
LineContent = WshShell.ExpandEnvironmentStrings(LineContent)
REM _____this part is so important_____
REM if cmd delayedexpansion is enabled in the parent script which calls this script then bad thing happen to variables saved in the registry if they contain ! . if var have ! then ! and ^ are removed; if var do not have ! then ^ is not removed . to understand what happens read this :
REM how cmd delayed expansion parse things
REM https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4094699/how-does-the-windows-command-interpreter-cmd-exe-parse-scripts/7970912#7970912
REM For each parsed token, first check if it contains any !. If not, then the token is not parsed - important for ^ characters. If the token does contain !, then scan each character from left to right:
REM - If it is a caret (^) the next character has no special meaning, the caret itself is removed
REM - If it is an exclamation mark, search for the next exclamation mark (carets are not observed anymore), expand to the value of the variable.
REM - Consecutive opening ! are collapsed into a single !
REM - Any remaining unpaired ! is removed
REM ...
REM Look at next string of characters, breaking before !, :, or <LF>, and call them VAR
REM conclusion:
REM when delayedexpansion is enabled and var have ! then i have to escape ^ and ! ,BUT IF VAR DO NOT HAVE ! THEN DO NOT ESCAPE ^ .this made me crazy to discover
REM when delayedexpansion is disabled then i do not have to escape anything
If DelayedExpansionState="IsEnabled" Then
If InStr(LineContent, "!") > 0 Then
LineContent=Replace(LineContent,"^","^^")
LineContent=Replace(LineContent,"!","^!")
End If
End If
REM __________
fW.WriteLine(LineContent)
Loop
f.Close
fW.Close
REM #############################################################################
REM ### end of vbscript code ####################################################
REM #############################################################################
REM this must be at the end for the hybrid trick, do not remove it
</script></job>
cygwin / bash:
我不能在这里发布，我达到了发布限制，所以从这里下载
在bash中使用:source refresh .sh调用它
美国小妞Powershell:
从这里下载
在Powershell中使用:. .\refrenv.ps1调用它
使用“setx”并重新启动cmd提示符
有一个名为“setx”的命令行工具用于此作业。 它用于读取和写入env变量。 这些变量在命令窗口关闭后仍然存在。
创建或修改用户或系统环境中的环境变量，而不需要编程或脚本。setx命令还检索注册表项的值，并将它们写入文本文件。
注意:通过此工具创建或修改的变量将在以后的命令窗口中可用，但在当前CMD.exe命令窗口中不可用。所以，你必须重新开始。
如果缺少setx:
http://download.microsoft.com/download/win2000platform/setx/1.00.0.1/nt5/en-us/setx_setup.exe
或修改注册表
MSDN说:
若要以编程方式添加或修改系统环境变量，请使用add 他们去 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ System \ CurrentControlSet \ \控制会话 Manager\Environment注册表项，然后广播一个WM_SETTINGCHANGE 消息，lParam设置为字符串“环境”。 这允许应用程序(如shell)接收您的更新。
在Windows 7/8/10上，你可以安装Chocolatey，它有一个内置的脚本。
安装Chocolatey后，只需输入RefreshEnv.cmd。
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