我更喜欢这种不使用异常的方法。它既可以处理多个对象，也可以不处理对象。

go_list = Content.objects.filter(name="baby")
if (len(go_list) == 1):
    go = go_list[0]
else:
    go = None # optionally do other things if there are multiple objects / no objects.

我认为使用get_object_or_404()是个不错的主意。

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404

def my_view(request):
    my_object = get_object_or_404(MyModel, pk=1)

这个例子等价于:

from django.http import Http404

def my_view(request):
    try:
        my_object = MyModel.objects.get(pk=1)
    except MyModel.DoesNotExist:
        raise Http404("No MyModel matches the given query.")

你可以在django在线文档中阅读更多关于get_object_or_404()的信息。

这是Django get_object_or_404方法的一个副本，只是该方法返回None。当我们必须使用only()查询来只检索某些字段时，这是非常有用的。该方法可以接受模型或查询集。

from django.shortcuts import _get_queryset


def get_object_or_none(klass, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    Use get() to return an object, or return None if object
    does not exist.
    klass may be a Model, Manager, or QuerySet object. All other passed
    arguments and keyword arguments are used in the get() query.
    Like with QuerySet.get(), MultipleObjectsReturned is raised if more than
    one object is found.
    """
    queryset = _get_queryset(klass)
    if not hasattr(queryset, 'get'):
        klass__name = klass.__name__ if isinstance(klass, type) else klass.__class__.__name__
        raise ValueError(
            "First argument to get_object_or_none() must be a Model, Manager, "
            "or QuerySet, not '%s'." % klass__name
        )
    try:
        return queryset.get(*args, **kwargs)
    except queryset.model.DoesNotExist:
        return None

你可以这样做:

go  = Content.objects.filter(name="baby").first()

现在，go变量可以是你想要的对象，也可以是None

裁判:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/models/querysets/ # django.db.models.query.QuerySet.first

我使用的是Django 2.2.16。这就是我解决这个问题的方法:

from typing import Any

from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
from django.db import models
from django.db.models.base import ModelBase
from django.db.models.manager import Manager


class SManager(Manager):
    def get_if_exist(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any):
        try:
            return self.get(*args, **kwargs)
        except ObjectDoesNotExist:
            return None


class SModelBase(ModelBase):
    def _prepare(cls):
        manager = SManager()
        manager.auto_created = True
        cls.add_to_class("objects", manager)

        super()._prepare()

    class Meta:
        abstract = True


class SModel(models.Model, metaclass=SModelBase):
    managers = False

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

之后，在每个模型中，你只需要导入:

from custom.models import SModel


class SUser(SModel):
    pass

在视图中，你可以这样调用:

SUser.objects.get_if_exist(id=1)

从django 1.7开始，你可以这样做:

class MyQuerySet(models.QuerySet):

    def get_or_none(self, **kwargs):
        try:
            return self.get(**kwargs)
        except self.model.DoesNotExist:
            return None


class MyBaseModel(models.Model):

    objects = MyQuerySet.as_manager()


class MyModel(MyBaseModel):
    ...

class AnotherMyModel(MyBaseModel):
    ...

“MyQuerySet.as_manager()”的优点是以下两个都可以工作:

MyModel.objects.filter(...).get_or_none()
MyModel.objects.get_or_none()