当我要求模型管理器获取一个对象时,当没有匹配的对象时,它会引发DoesNotExist。

go = Content.objects.get(name="baby")

而不是DoesNotExist,我怎么能去是None代替?


当前回答

来一片怎么样?它将解析到限制1。

go = Content.objects.filter(name="baby")[0]

其他回答

我们可以使用Django内置的异常,附加到模型命名为。doesnotexist。因此,我们不需要导入ObjectDoesNotExist异常。

而不是做:

from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist

try:
    content = Content.objects.get(name="baby")
except ObjectDoesNotExist:
    content = None

我们可以这样做:

try:
    content = Content.objects.get(name="baby")
except Content.DoesNotExist:
    content = None

我使用的是Django 2.2.16。这就是我解决这个问题的方法:

from typing import Any

from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
from django.db import models
from django.db.models.base import ModelBase
from django.db.models.manager import Manager


class SManager(Manager):
    def get_if_exist(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any):
        try:
            return self.get(*args, **kwargs)
        except ObjectDoesNotExist:
            return None


class SModelBase(ModelBase):
    def _prepare(cls):
        manager = SManager()
        manager.auto_created = True
        cls.add_to_class("objects", manager)

        super()._prepare()

    class Meta:
        abstract = True


class SModel(models.Model, metaclass=SModelBase):
    managers = False

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

之后,在每个模型中,你只需要导入:

from custom.models import SModel


class SUser(SModel):
    pass

在视图中,你可以这样调用:

SUser.objects.get_if_exist(id=1)

为了让事情更简单,下面是我根据这里精彩回复的输入编写的代码片段:

class MyManager(models.Manager):

    def get_or_none(self, **kwargs):
        try:
            return self.get(**kwargs)
        except ObjectDoesNotExist:
            return None

然后在你的模型中

class MyModel(models.Model):
    objects = MyManager()

就是这样。 现在你有了MyModel.objects.get()以及mymodel .objects. get_or_none()

这是Django get_object_or_404方法的一个副本,只是该方法返回None。当我们必须使用only()查询来只检索某些字段时,这是非常有用的。该方法可以接受模型或查询集。

from django.shortcuts import _get_queryset


def get_object_or_none(klass, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    Use get() to return an object, or return None if object
    does not exist.
    klass may be a Model, Manager, or QuerySet object. All other passed
    arguments and keyword arguments are used in the get() query.
    Like with QuerySet.get(), MultipleObjectsReturned is raised if more than
    one object is found.
    """
    queryset = _get_queryset(klass)
    if not hasattr(queryset, 'get'):
        klass__name = klass.__name__ if isinstance(klass, type) else klass.__class__.__name__
        raise ValueError(
            "First argument to get_object_or_none() must be a Model, Manager, "
            "or QuerySet, not '%s'." % klass__name
        )
    try:
        return queryset.get(*args, **kwargs)
    except queryset.model.DoesNotExist:
        return None

从django 1.7开始,你可以这样做:

class MyQuerySet(models.QuerySet):

    def get_or_none(self, **kwargs):
        try:
            return self.get(**kwargs)
        except self.model.DoesNotExist:
            return None


class MyBaseModel(models.Model):

    objects = MyQuerySet.as_manager()


class MyModel(MyBaseModel):
    ...

class AnotherMyModel(MyBaseModel):
    ...

“MyQuerySet.as_manager()”的优点是以下两个都可以工作:

MyModel.objects.filter(...).get_or_none()
MyModel.objects.get_or_none()