下面是一个更普遍的解决方案:

// get number of arguments with __NARG__
#define __NARG__(...)  __NARG_I_(__VA_ARGS__,__RSEQ_N())
#define __NARG_I_(...) __ARG_N(__VA_ARGS__)
#define __ARG_N( \
      _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9,_10, \
     _11,_12,_13,_14,_15,_16,_17,_18,_19,_20, \
     _21,_22,_23,_24,_25,_26,_27,_28,_29,_30, \
     _31,_32,_33,_34,_35,_36,_37,_38,_39,_40, \
     _41,_42,_43,_44,_45,_46,_47,_48,_49,_50, \
     _51,_52,_53,_54,_55,_56,_57,_58,_59,_60, \
     _61,_62,_63,N,...) N
#define __RSEQ_N() \
     63,62,61,60,                   \
     59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50, \
     49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40, \
     39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30, \
     29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20, \
     19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10, \
     9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0

// general definition for any function name
#define _VFUNC_(name, n) name##n
#define _VFUNC(name, n) _VFUNC_(name, n)
#define VFUNC(func, ...) _VFUNC(func, __NARG__(__VA_ARGS__)) (__VA_ARGS__)

// definition for FOO
#define FOO(...) VFUNC(FOO, __VA_ARGS__)

定义函数:

#define FOO2(x, y) ((x) + (y))
#define FOO3(x, y, z) ((x) + (y) + (z))

// it also works with C functions:
int FOO4(int a, int b, int c, int d) { return a + b + c + d; }

现在你可以用2,3,4个参数来使用FOO:

FOO(42, 42) // will use makro function FOO2
FOO(42, 42, 42) // will use makro function FOO3
FOO(42, 42, 42, 42) // will call FOO4 function

限制

最多63个参数(但可扩展) 仅在GCC中可能为无参数函数

的想法

将它用于默认参数:

#define func(...) VFUNC(func, __VA_ARGS__)
#define func2(a, b) func4(a, b, NULL, NULL)
#define func3(a, b, c) func4(a, b, c, NULL)

// real function:
int func4(int a, int b, void* c, void* d) { /* ... */ }

将它用于可能有无限个参数的函数:

#define SUM(...) VFUNC(SUM, __VA_ARGS__)
#define SUM2(a, b) ((a) + (b))
#define SUM3(a, b, c) ((a) + (b) + (c))
#define SUM4(a, b, c) ((a) + (b) + (c) + (d))
// ...

PS: __NARG__是从Laurent Deniau和Roland Illig这里复制的:https://groups.google.com/group/comp.std.c/browse_thread/thread/77ee8c8f92e4a3fb/346fc464319b1ee5?pli=1

下面是Evgeni Sergeev的回答。这个也支持零参数重载!

我用GCC和MinGW进行了测试。它应该适用于旧版本和新版本的c++。请注意，我不能保证MSVC…但经过一些调整，我相信它也可以做到这一点。

我还格式化了它，以便粘贴到一个头文件(我称之为macroutil.h)。如果你这样做了，你可以只包括这个头，无论你需要的特性，而不考虑在实现中涉及的麻烦。

#ifndef MACROUTIL_H
#define MACROUTIL_H

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// OVERLOADED_MACRO
//
// used to create other macros with overloaded argument lists
//
// Example Use:
// #define myMacro(...) OVERLOADED_MACRO( myMacro, __VA_ARGS__ )
// #define myMacro0() someFunc()
// #define myMacro1( arg1 ) someFunc( arg1 )
// #define myMacro2( arg1, arg2 ) someFunc( arg1, arg2 )
//
// myMacro();
// myMacro(1);
// myMacro(1,2);
//
// Note the numerical suffix on the macro names,
// which indicates the number of arguments.
// That is the REQUIRED naming convention for your macros.
//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// OVERLOADED_MACRO
// derived from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11761703/overloading-macro-on-number-of-arguments
// replaced use of _COUNT_ARGS macro with VA_NUM_ARGS defined below
// to support of zero argument overloads
#define OVERLOADED_MACRO(M, ...) _OVR(M, VA_NUM_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__)) (__VA_ARGS__)
#define _OVR(macroName, number_of_args)   _OVR_EXPAND(macroName, number_of_args)
#define _OVR_EXPAND(macroName, number_of_args)    macroName##number_of_args
//#define _COUNT_ARGS(...)  _ARG_PATTERN_MATCH(__VA_ARGS__, 15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1)
#define _ARG_PATTERN_MATCH(_1,_2,_3,_4,_5,_6,_7,_8,_9,_10,_11,_12,_13,_14,_15, N, ...)   N

// VA_NUM_ARGS
// copied from comments section of:
// http://efesx.com/2010/07/17/variadic-macro-to-count-number-of-arguments/
// which itself was derived from:
// https://gustedt.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/detect-empty-macro-arguments/
#define _ARG16(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10, _11, _12, _13, _14, _15, ...) _15
#define HAS_COMMA(...) _ARG16(__VA_ARGS__, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0)
#define HAS_NO_COMMA(...) _ARG16(__VA_ARGS__, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1)
#define _TRIGGER_PARENTHESIS_(...) ,

#define HAS_ZERO_OR_ONE_ARGS(...) \
    _HAS_ZERO_OR_ONE_ARGS( \
    /* test if there is just one argument, eventually an empty one */ \
    HAS_COMMA(__VA_ARGS__), \
    /* test if _TRIGGER_PARENTHESIS_ together with the argument adds a comma */ \
    HAS_COMMA(_TRIGGER_PARENTHESIS_ __VA_ARGS__), \
    /* test if the argument together with a parenthesis adds a comma */ \
    HAS_COMMA(__VA_ARGS__ (~)), \
    /* test if placing it between _TRIGGER_PARENTHESIS_ and the parenthesis adds a comma */ \
    HAS_COMMA(_TRIGGER_PARENTHESIS_ __VA_ARGS__ (~)) \
    )

#define PASTE5(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4) _0 ## _1 ## _2 ## _3 ## _4
#define _HAS_ZERO_OR_ONE_ARGS(_0, _1, _2, _3) HAS_NO_COMMA(PASTE5(_IS_EMPTY_CASE_, _0, _1, _2, _3))
#define _IS_EMPTY_CASE_0001 ,

#define _VA0(...) HAS_ZERO_OR_ONE_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__)
#define _VA1(...) HAS_ZERO_OR_ONE_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__)
#define _VA2(...) 2
#define _VA3(...) 3
#define _VA4(...) 4
#define _VA5(...) 5
#define _VA6(...) 6
#define _VA7(...) 7
#define _VA8(...) 8
#define _VA9(...) 9
#define _VA10(...) 10
#define _VA11(...) 11
#define _VA12(...) 12
#define _VA13(...) 13
#define _VA14(...) 14
#define _VA15(...) 15
#define _VA16(...) 16

#define VA_NUM_ARGS(...) VA_NUM_ARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, PP_RSEQ_N(__VA_ARGS__) )
#define VA_NUM_ARGS_IMPL(...) VA_NUM_ARGS_N(__VA_ARGS__)

#define VA_NUM_ARGS_N( \
    _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9,_10, \
    _11,_12,_13,_14,_15,_16,N,...) N

#define PP_RSEQ_N(...) \
    _VA16(__VA_ARGS__),_VA15(__VA_ARGS__),_VA14(__VA_ARGS__),_VA13(__VA_ARGS__), \
    _VA12(__VA_ARGS__),_VA11(__VA_ARGS__),_VA10(__VA_ARGS__), _VA9(__VA_ARGS__), \
    _VA8(__VA_ARGS__),_VA7(__VA_ARGS__),_VA6(__VA_ARGS__),_VA5(__VA_ARGS__), \
    _VA4(__VA_ARGS__),_VA3(__VA_ARGS__),_VA2(__VA_ARGS__),_VA1(__VA_ARGS__), \
    _VA0(__VA_ARGS__)

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#endif // MACROUTIL_H

简单:

#define GET_MACRO(_1,_2,_3,NAME,...) NAME
#define FOO(...) GET_MACRO(__VA_ARGS__, FOO3, FOO2)(__VA_ARGS__)

所以如果你有这些宏，它们会像描述的那样展开:

FOO(World, !)         // expands to FOO2(World, !)
FOO(foo,bar,baz)      // expands to FOO3(foo,bar,baz)

如果你想要第四个:

#define GET_MACRO(_1,_2,_3,_4,NAME,...) NAME
#define FOO(...) GET_MACRO(__VA_ARGS__, FOO4, FOO3, FOO2)(__VA_ARGS__)

FOO(a,b,c,d)          // expands to FOO4(a,b,c,d)

当然，如果定义了FOO2、FOO3和FOO4，输出将被已定义宏的输出所取代。

根据@netcoder的回答和@vexe关于Visual Studio编译器支持的建议，我发现这段代码在各种平台上都运行得很好:

#define FOO1(a) func1(a)
#define FOO2(a, b) func2(a, b)
#define FOO3(a, b, c) func3(a, b, c)

#define EXPAND(x) x
#define GET_MACRO(_1, _2, _3, NAME, ...) NAME
#define FOO(...) EXPAND(GET_MACRO(__VA_ARGS__, FOO3, FOO2, FOO1)(__VA_ARGS__))

，其中func1()， func2()， func3()只是普通函数，接受不同数量的形参。

根据R1tschY的回复，下面是我使用Deniau-Illig结构实现变量参数和默认参数的方法。

// ----------------------------------------------------------------
// library
#define __nargs100__(a00,a01,a02,a03,a04,a05,a06,a07,a08,a09,a0a,a0b,a0c,a0d,a0e,a0f,a10,a11,a12,a13,a14,a15,a16,a17,a18,a19,a1a,a1b,a1c,a1d,a1e,a1f,a20,a21,a22,a23,a24,a25,a26,a27,a28,a29,a2a,a2b,a2c,a2d,a2e,a2f,a30,a31,a32,a33,a34,a35,a36,a37,a38,a39,a3a,a3b,a3c,a3d,a3e,a3f,a40,a41,a42,a43,a44,a45,a46,a47,a48,a49,a4a,a4b,a4c,a4d,a4e,a4f,a50,a51,a52,a53,a54,a55,a56,a57,a58,a59,a5a,a5b,a5c,a5d,a5e,a5f,a60,a61,a62,a63,a64,a65,a66,a67,a68,a69,a6a,a6b,a6c,a6d,a6e,a6f,a70,a71,a72,a73,a74,a75,a76,a77,a78,a79,a7a,a7b,a7c,a7d,a7e,a7f,a80,a81,a82,a83,a84,a85,a86,a87,a88,a89,a8a,a8b,a8c,a8d,a8e,a8f,a90,a91,a92,a93,a94,a95,a96,a97,a98,a99,a9a,a9b,a9c,a9d,a9e,a9f,aa0,aa1,aa2,aa3,aa4,aa5,aa6,aa7,aa8,aa9,aaa,aab,aac,aad,aae,aaf,ab0,ab1,ab2,ab3,ab4,ab5,ab6,ab7,ab8,ab9,aba,abb,abc,abd,abe,abf,ac0,ac1,ac2,ac3,ac4,ac5,ac6,ac7,ac8,ac9,aca,acb,acc,acd,ace,acf,ad0,ad1,ad2,ad3,ad4,ad5,ad6,ad7,ad8,ad9,ada,adb,adc,add,ade,adf,ae0,ae1,ae2,ae3,ae4,ae5,ae6,ae7,ae8,ae9,aea,aeb,aec,aed,aee,aef,af0,af1,af2,af3,af4,af5,af6,af7,af8,af9,afa,afb,afc,afd,afe,aff,a100,...)  a100
#define __nargs__(...)   __nargs100__(,##__VA_ARGS__, ff,fe,fd,fc,fb,fa,f9,f8,f7,f6,f5,f4,f3,f2,f1,f0,ef,ee,ed,ec,eb,ea,e9,e8,e7,e6,e5,e4,e3,e2,e1,e0,df,de,dd,dc,db,da,d9,d8,d7,d6,d5,d4,d3,d2,d1,d0,cf,ce,cd,cc,cb,ca,c9,c8,c7,c6,c5,c4,c3,c2,c1,c0,bf,be,bd,bc,bb,ba,b9,b8,b7,b6,b5,b4,b3,b2,b1,b0,af,ae,ad,ac,ab,aa,a9,a8,a7,a6,a5,a4,a3,a2,a1,a0,9f,9e,9d,9c,9b,9a,99,98,97,96,95,94,93,92,91,90,8f,8e,8d,8c,8b,8a,89,88,87,86,85,84,83,82,81,80,7f,7e,7d,7c,7b,7a,79,78,77,76,75,74,73,72,71,70,6f,6e,6d,6c,6b,6a,69,68,67,66,65,64,63,62,61,60,5f,5e,5d,5c,5b,5a,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,4f,4e,4d,4c,4b,4a,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,3f,3e,3d,3c,3b,3a,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,2f,2e,2d,2c,2b,2a,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,1f,1e,1d,1c,1b,1a,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,f,e,d,c,b,a,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0)
#define __vfn(name, n)  name##n
#define _vfn( name, n)  __vfn(name, n)
#define vfn(  fn, ...)  _vfn(fn, __nargs__(__VA_ARGS__))(__VA_ARGS__)

// ----------------------------------------------------------------
// example

// backend: actual implementation, 2 mandatory args, 3 optional args
#define _bshow(bdim,data, ncols,nbits,base)({  \
  /* do stuff here */  \
})

// "frontend", default arguments get implemented here. the suffix is the number of arguments, in hexadecimal base
#define bshow2(...)  _bshow(__VA_ARGS__, 16,32,16)
#define bshow3(...)  _bshow(__VA_ARGS__, 32,16)
#define bshow4(...)  _bshow(__VA_ARGS__, 16)
#define bshow5(...)  _bshow(__VA_ARGS__)
#define bshow(...)  vfn(bshow,__VA_ARGS__)

// test
bshow(0x100,data0);
bshow(0x100,data0, 14);
bshow(0x100,data0, 12,16);
bshow(0x100,data0, 10, 8,2);

这似乎工作得很好GCC, Clang和MSVC。这是一些答案的整理版本

#define _my_BUGFX(x) x

#define _my_NARG2(...) _my_BUGFX(_my_NARG1(__VA_ARGS__,_my_RSEQN()))
#define _my_NARG1(...) _my_BUGFX(_my_ARGSN(__VA_ARGS__))
#define _my_ARGSN(_1,_2,_3,_4,_5,_6,_7,_8,_9,_10,N,...) N
#define _my_RSEQN() 10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0

#define _my_FUNC2(name,n) name ## n
#define _my_FUNC1(name,n) _my_FUNC2(name,n)
#define GET_MACRO(func,...) _my_FUNC1(func,_my_BUGFX(_my_NARG2(__VA_ARGS__))) (__VA_ARGS__)

#define FOO(...) GET_MACRO(FOO,__VA_ARGS__)