我有两个宏FOO2和FOO3:
#define FOO2(x,y) ...
#define FOO3(x,y,z) ...
我想定义一个新的宏FOO如下所示:
#define FOO(x,y) FOO2(x,y)
#define FOO(x,y,z) FOO3(x,y,z)
但这是行不通的，因为宏不会重载参数的数量。
在不修改FOO2和FOO3的情况下，是否有某种方法来定义一个宏FOO(使用__VA_ARGS__或其他方式)来获得将FOO(x,y)分配给FOO2和将FOO(x,y,z)分配给FOO3的相同效果?
当前回答
也许你可以使用这个宏来计算参数的数量。
#define VA_NUM_ARGS(...) VA_NUM_ARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, 5,4,3,2,1)
#define VA_NUM_ARGS_IMPL(_1,_2,_3,_4,_5,N,...) N
其他回答
下面是上面答案的一个更简洁的版本。用的例子。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define OVERLOADED_MACRO(M, ...) _OVR(M, _COUNT_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__)) (__VA_ARGS__)
#define _OVR(macroName, number_of_args) _OVR_EXPAND(macroName, number_of_args)
#define _OVR_EXPAND(macroName, number_of_args) macroName##number_of_args
#define _COUNT_ARGS(...) _ARG_PATTERN_MATCH(__VA_ARGS__, 9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1)
#define _ARG_PATTERN_MATCH(_1,_2,_3,_4,_5,_6,_7,_8,_9, N, ...) N
//Example:
#define ff(...) OVERLOADED_MACRO(ff, __VA_ARGS__)
#define ii(...) OVERLOADED_MACRO(ii, __VA_ARGS__)
#define ff3(c, a, b) for (int c = int(a); c < int(b); ++c)
#define ff2(c, b) ff3(c, 0, b)
#define ii2(a, b) ff3(i, a, b)
#define ii1(n) ii2(0, n)
int main() {
ff (counter, 3, 5)
cout << "counter = " << counter << endl;
ff (abc, 4)
cout << "abc = " << abc << endl;
ii (3)
cout << "i = " << i << endl;
ii (100, 103)
cout << "i = " << i << endl;
return 0;
}
Run:
User@Table 13:06:16 /c/T
$ g++ test_overloaded_macros.cpp
User@Table 13:16:26 /c/T
$ ./a.exe
counter = 3
counter = 4
abc = 0
abc = 1
abc = 2
abc = 3
i = 0
i = 1
i = 2
i = 100
i = 101
i = 102
注意，同时使用_OVR和_OVR_EXPAND看起来可能有些多余，但对预处理器来说，展开_COUNT_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__)部分是必要的，否则它将被视为字符串。
也许你可以使用这个宏来计算参数的数量。
#define VA_NUM_ARGS(...) VA_NUM_ARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, 5,4,3,2,1)
#define VA_NUM_ARGS_IMPL(_1,_2,_3,_4,_5,N,...) N
根据R1tschY的回复，下面是我使用Deniau-Illig结构实现变量参数和默认参数的方法。
// ----------------------------------------------------------------
// library
#define __nargs100__(a00,a01,a02,a03,a04,a05,a06,a07,a08,a09,a0a,a0b,a0c,a0d,a0e,a0f,a10,a11,a12,a13,a14,a15,a16,a17,a18,a19,a1a,a1b,a1c,a1d,a1e,a1f,a20,a21,a22,a23,a24,a25,a26,a27,a28,a29,a2a,a2b,a2c,a2d,a2e,a2f,a30,a31,a32,a33,a34,a35,a36,a37,a38,a39,a3a,a3b,a3c,a3d,a3e,a3f,a40,a41,a42,a43,a44,a45,a46,a47,a48,a49,a4a,a4b,a4c,a4d,a4e,a4f,a50,a51,a52,a53,a54,a55,a56,a57,a58,a59,a5a,a5b,a5c,a5d,a5e,a5f,a60,a61,a62,a63,a64,a65,a66,a67,a68,a69,a6a,a6b,a6c,a6d,a6e,a6f,a70,a71,a72,a73,a74,a75,a76,a77,a78,a79,a7a,a7b,a7c,a7d,a7e,a7f,a80,a81,a82,a83,a84,a85,a86,a87,a88,a89,a8a,a8b,a8c,a8d,a8e,a8f,a90,a91,a92,a93,a94,a95,a96,a97,a98,a99,a9a,a9b,a9c,a9d,a9e,a9f,aa0,aa1,aa2,aa3,aa4,aa5,aa6,aa7,aa8,aa9,aaa,aab,aac,aad,aae,aaf,ab0,ab1,ab2,ab3,ab4,ab5,ab6,ab7,ab8,ab9,aba,abb,abc,abd,abe,abf,ac0,ac1,ac2,ac3,ac4,ac5,ac6,ac7,ac8,ac9,aca,acb,acc,acd,ace,acf,ad0,ad1,ad2,ad3,ad4,ad5,ad6,ad7,ad8,ad9,ada,adb,adc,add,ade,adf,ae0,ae1,ae2,ae3,ae4,ae5,ae6,ae7,ae8,ae9,aea,aeb,aec,aed,aee,aef,af0,af1,af2,af3,af4,af5,af6,af7,af8,af9,afa,afb,afc,afd,afe,aff,a100,...) a100
#define __nargs__(...) __nargs100__(,##__VA_ARGS__, ff,fe,fd,fc,fb,fa,f9,f8,f7,f6,f5,f4,f3,f2,f1,f0,ef,ee,ed,ec,eb,ea,e9,e8,e7,e6,e5,e4,e3,e2,e1,e0,df,de,dd,dc,db,da,d9,d8,d7,d6,d5,d4,d3,d2,d1,d0,cf,ce,cd,cc,cb,ca,c9,c8,c7,c6,c5,c4,c3,c2,c1,c0,bf,be,bd,bc,bb,ba,b9,b8,b7,b6,b5,b4,b3,b2,b1,b0,af,ae,ad,ac,ab,aa,a9,a8,a7,a6,a5,a4,a3,a2,a1,a0,9f,9e,9d,9c,9b,9a,99,98,97,96,95,94,93,92,91,90,8f,8e,8d,8c,8b,8a,89,88,87,86,85,84,83,82,81,80,7f,7e,7d,7c,7b,7a,79,78,77,76,75,74,73,72,71,70,6f,6e,6d,6c,6b,6a,69,68,67,66,65,64,63,62,61,60,5f,5e,5d,5c,5b,5a,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,4f,4e,4d,4c,4b,4a,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,3f,3e,3d,3c,3b,3a,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,2f,2e,2d,2c,2b,2a,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,1f,1e,1d,1c,1b,1a,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,f,e,d,c,b,a,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0)
#define __vfn(name, n) name##n
#define _vfn( name, n) __vfn(name, n)
#define vfn( fn, ...) _vfn(fn, __nargs__(__VA_ARGS__))(__VA_ARGS__)
// ----------------------------------------------------------------
// example
// backend: actual implementation, 2 mandatory args, 3 optional args
#define _bshow(bdim,data, ncols,nbits,base)({ \
/* do stuff here */ \
})
// "frontend", default arguments get implemented here. the suffix is the number of arguments, in hexadecimal base
#define bshow2(...) _bshow(__VA_ARGS__, 16,32,16)
#define bshow3(...) _bshow(__VA_ARGS__, 32,16)
#define bshow4(...) _bshow(__VA_ARGS__, 16)
#define bshow5(...) _bshow(__VA_ARGS__)
#define bshow(...) vfn(bshow,__VA_ARGS__)
// test
bshow(0x100,data0);
bshow(0x100,data0, 14);
bshow(0x100,data0, 12,16);
bshow(0x100,data0, 10, 8,2);
根据@netcoder的回答和@vexe关于Visual Studio编译器支持的建议，我发现这段代码在各种平台上都运行得很好:
#define FOO1(a) func1(a)
#define FOO2(a, b) func2(a, b)
#define FOO3(a, b, c) func3(a, b, c)
#define EXPAND(x) x
#define GET_MACRO(_1, _2, _3, NAME, ...) NAME
#define FOO(...) EXPAND(GET_MACRO(__VA_ARGS__, FOO3, FOO2, FOO1)(__VA_ARGS__))
，其中func1()， func2()， func3()只是普通函数，接受不同数量的形参。
简单:
#define GET_MACRO(_1,_2,_3,NAME,...) NAME
#define FOO(...) GET_MACRO(__VA_ARGS__, FOO3, FOO2)(__VA_ARGS__)
所以如果你有这些宏，它们会像描述的那样展开:
FOO(World, !) // expands to FOO2(World, !)
FOO(foo,bar,baz) // expands to FOO3(foo,bar,baz)
如果你想要第四个:
#define GET_MACRO(_1,_2,_3,_4,NAME,...) NAME
#define FOO(...) GET_MACRO(__VA_ARGS__, FOO4, FOO3, FOO2)(__VA_ARGS__)
FOO(a,b,c,d) // expands to FOO4(a,b,c,d)
当然，如果定义了FOO2、FOO3和FOO4，输出将被已定义宏的输出所取代。
