延伸到@Cope360的好答案。要获取某个表(如果它们是相同的表名但不同的模式)，只需使用表OID。

select
     t.relname as table_name
    ,i.relname as index_name
    ,a.attname as column_name
    ,a.attrelid tableid

from
    pg_class t,
    pg_class i,
    pg_index ix,
    pg_attribute a
where
    t.oid = ix.indrelid
    and i.oid = ix.indexrelid
    and a.attrelid = t.oid
    and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
    and t.relkind = 'r'
    -- and t.relname like 'tbassettype'
    and a.attrelid = '"dbLegal".tbassettype'::regclass
order by
    t.relname,
    i.relname;

解释:我有表名'tbassettype'在两个模式'dbAsset'和'dbLegal'。要在dbLegal上只获取表，只需让a.attrelid =它的OID。

如果你想保持索引中的列顺序，这里有一个(非常丑陋的)方法:

select table_name,
    index_name,
    array_agg(column_name)
from (
    select
        t.relname as table_name,
        i.relname as index_name,
        a.attname as column_name,
        unnest(ix.indkey) as unn,
        a.attnum
    from
        pg_class t,
        pg_class i,
        pg_index ix,
        pg_attribute a
    where
        t.oid = ix.indrelid
        and i.oid = ix.indexrelid
        and a.attrelid = t.oid
        and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
        and t.relkind = 'r'
        and t.relnamespace = <oid of the schema you're interested in>
    order by
        t.relname,
        i.relname,
        generate_subscripts(ix.indkey,1)) sb
where unn = attnum
group by table_name, index_name

列顺序存储在pg_index中。indkey列，我是根据这个数组的下标排序的。

延伸到@Cope360的好答案。要获取某个表(如果它们是相同的表名但不同的模式)，只需使用表OID。

select
     t.relname as table_name
    ,i.relname as index_name
    ,a.attname as column_name
    ,a.attrelid tableid

from
    pg_class t,
    pg_class i,
    pg_index ix,
    pg_attribute a
where
    t.oid = ix.indrelid
    and i.oid = ix.indexrelid
    and a.attrelid = t.oid
    and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
    and t.relkind = 'r'
    -- and t.relname like 'tbassettype'
    and a.attrelid = '"dbLegal".tbassettype'::regclass
order by
    t.relname,
    i.relname;

解释:我有表名'tbassettype'在两个模式'dbAsset'和'dbLegal'。要在dbLegal上只获取表，只需让a.attrelid =它的OID。

创建一些测试数据…

create table test (a int, b int, c int, constraint pk_test primary key(a, b));
create table test2 (a int, b int, c int, constraint uk_test2 unique (b, c));
create table test3 (a int, b int, c int, constraint uk_test3b unique (b), constraint uk_test3c unique (c),constraint uk_test3ab unique (a, b));

列出索引的索引和列:

select
    t.relname as table_name,
    i.relname as index_name,
    a.attname as column_name
from
    pg_class t,
    pg_class i,
    pg_index ix,
    pg_attribute a
where
    t.oid = ix.indrelid
    and i.oid = ix.indexrelid
    and a.attrelid = t.oid
    and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
    and t.relkind = 'r'
    and t.relname like 'test%'
order by
    t.relname,
    i.relname;

 table_name | index_name | column_name
------------+------------+-------------
 test       | pk_test    | a
 test       | pk_test    | b
 test2      | uk_test2   | b
 test2      | uk_test2   | c
 test3      | uk_test3ab | a
 test3      | uk_test3ab | b
 test3      | uk_test3b  | b
 test3      | uk_test3c  | c

卷起列名:

select
    t.relname as table_name,
    i.relname as index_name,
    array_to_string(array_agg(a.attname), ', ') as column_names
from
    pg_class t,
    pg_class i,
    pg_index ix,
    pg_attribute a
where
    t.oid = ix.indrelid
    and i.oid = ix.indexrelid
    and a.attrelid = t.oid
    and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
    and t.relkind = 'r'
    and t.relname like 'test%'
group by
    t.relname,
    i.relname
order by
    t.relname,
    i.relname;

 table_name | index_name | column_names
------------+------------+--------------
 test       | pk_test    | a, b
 test2      | uk_test2   | b, c
 test3      | uk_test3ab | a, b
 test3      | uk_test3b  | b
 test3      | uk_test3c  | c

只需要执行:\d table_name

但是我不确定你说没有列的信息是什么意思。

例如:

# \d pg_class
       Table "pg_catalog.pg_class"
     Column      |   Type    | Modifiers
-----------------+-----------+-----------
 relname         | name      | not null
 relnamespace    | oid       | not null
 reltype         | oid       | not null
 reloftype       | oid       | not null
 relowner        | oid       | not null
 relam           | oid       | not null
 relfilenode     | oid       | not null
 reltablespace   | oid       | not null
 relpages        | integer   | not null
 reltuples       | real      | not null
 reltoastrelid   | oid       | not null
 reltoastidxid   | oid       | not null
 relhasindex     | boolean   | not null
 relisshared     | boolean   | not null
 relistemp       | boolean   | not null
 relkind         | "char"    | not null
 relnatts        | smallint  | not null
 relchecks       | smallint  | not null
 relhasoids      | boolean   | not null
 relhaspkey      | boolean   | not null
 relhasexclusion | boolean   | not null
 relhasrules     | boolean   | not null
 relhastriggers  | boolean   | not null
 relhassubclass  | boolean   | not null
 relfrozenxid    | xid       | not null
 relacl          | aclitem[] |
 reloptions      | text[]    |
Indexes:
    "pg_class_oid_index" UNIQUE, btree (oid)
    "pg_class_relname_nsp_index" UNIQUE, btree (relname, relnamespace)

它清楚地显示给定索引在该表上的列。

\d tablename显示了8.3.8版本中的列名。

 "username_idx" UNIQUE, btree (username), tablespace "alldata1"