什么是一个好的完整正则表达式或其他一些过程，将采取标题:
如何将标题更改为URL的一部分，如堆栈溢出?
然后把它变成
how-do-you-change-a-title-to-be-part-of-the-url-like-stack-overflow
在堆栈溢出的seo友好的url中使用?
我使用的开发环境是Ruby on Rails，但是如果有一些其他特定于平台的解决方案(。NET, PHP, Django)，我也很想看到这些。
我相信我(或其他读者)在不同的平台上也会遇到同样的问题。
我使用自定义路由，我主要想知道如何改变字符串的所有特殊字符被删除，它都是小写的，所有空白被替换。
当前回答
我知道这是一个非常老的问题，但由于大多数浏览器现在都支持unicode url，我在XRegex中找到了一个很好的解决方案，它可以转换除字母以外的所有内容(在所有语言中都是'-')。
这可以在几种编程语言中实现。
模式是\\p{^L}+，然后你只需要用它来替换所有非字母到'-'。
node.js中xregex模块的工作示例。
var text = 'This ! can @ have # several $ letters % from different languages such as עברית or Español';
var slugRegEx = XRegExp('((?!\\d)\\p{^L})+', 'g');
var slug = XRegExp.replace(text, slugRegEx, '-').toLowerCase();
console.log(slug) ==> "this-can-have-several-letters-from-different-languages-such-as-עברית-or-español"
其他回答
下面是我的(稍慢，但写起来很有趣)Jeff的代码版本:
public static string URLFriendly(string title)
{
char? prevRead = null,
prevWritten = null;
var seq =
from c in title
let norm = RemapInternationalCharToAscii(char.ToLowerInvariant(c).ToString())[0]
let keep = char.IsLetterOrDigit(norm)
where prevRead.HasValue || keep
let replaced = keep ? norm
: prevWritten != '-' ? '-'
: (char?)null
where replaced != null
let s = replaced + (prevRead == null ? ""
: norm == '#' && "cf".Contains(prevRead.Value) ? "sharp"
: norm == '+' ? "plus"
: "")
let _ = prevRead = norm
from written in s
let __ = prevWritten = written
select written;
const int maxlen = 80;
return string.Concat(seq.Take(maxlen)).TrimEnd('-');
}
public static string RemapInternationalCharToAscii(string text)
{
var seq = text.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD)
.Where(c => CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c) != UnicodeCategory.NonSpacingMark);
return string.Concat(seq).Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormC);
}
我的测试字符串:
“我喜欢c#， f#， c++，还有……焦糖布丁! !他们看到我在编程……他们hatin”……想抓住我的下流行为……”
您需要设置一个自定义路由，将URL指向将处理它的控制器。因为您使用的是Ruby on Rails，这里介绍一下如何使用他们的路由引擎。
在Ruby中，你需要一个你已经知道的正则表达式，下面是要使用的正则表达式:
def permalink_for(str)
str.gsub(/[^\w\/]|[!\(\)\.]+/, ' ').strip.downcase.gsub(/\ +/, '-')
end
如果你正在使用Rails edge，你可以依赖Inflector。参数化-下面是文档中的例子:
class Person
def to_param
"#{id}-#{name.parameterize}"
end
end
@person = Person.find(1)
# => #<Person id: 1, name: "Donald E. Knuth">
<%= link_to(@person.name, person_path(@person)) %>
# => <a href="/person/1-donald-e-knuth">Donald E. Knuth</a>
另外，如果你需要在以前版本的Rails中处理更多的外来字符，比如重音(éphémère)，你可以混合使用PermalinkFu和DiacriticsFu:
DiacriticsFu::escape("éphémère")
=> "ephemere"
DiacriticsFu::escape("räksmörgås")
=> "raksmorgas"
不，不，不。你们都错了。除了变音符符(diacritic -fu)之外，你已经差不多了，但是亚洲字符呢(Ruby开发人员没有考虑到他们的日本同胞，真是可耻)。
Firefox和Safari都在URL中显示非ascii字符，坦率地说，它们看起来很棒。支持像“http://somewhere.com/news/read/お前たはアホじゃないかい”这样的链接是很好的。
这里有一些PHP代码，只是我自己写的，没有进行压力测试。
<?php
function slug($str)
{
$args = func_get_args();
array_filter($args); //remove blanks
$slug = mb_strtolower(implode('-', $args));
$real_slug = '';
$hyphen = '';
foreach(SU::mb_str_split($slug) as $c)
{
if (strlen($c) > 1 && mb_strlen($c)===1)
{
$real_slug .= $hyphen . $c;
$hyphen = '';
}
else
{
switch($c)
{
case '&':
$hyphen = $real_slug ? '-and-' : '';
break;
case 'a':
case 'b':
case 'c':
case 'd':
case 'e':
case 'f':
case 'g':
case 'h':
case 'i':
case 'j':
case 'k':
case 'l':
case 'm':
case 'n':
case 'o':
case 'p':
case 'q':
case 'r':
case 's':
case 't':
case 'u':
case 'v':
case 'w':
case 'x':
case 'y':
case 'z':
case 'A':
case 'B':
case 'C':
case 'D':
case 'E':
case 'F':
case 'G':
case 'H':
case 'I':
case 'J':
case 'K':
case 'L':
case 'M':
case 'N':
case 'O':
case 'P':
case 'Q':
case 'R':
case 'S':
case 'T':
case 'U':
case 'V':
case 'W':
case 'X':
case 'Y':
case 'Z':
case '0':
case '1':
case '2':
case '3':
case '4':
case '5':
case '6':
case '7':
case '8':
case '9':
$real_slug .= $hyphen . $c;
$hyphen = '';
break;
default:
$hyphen = $hyphen ? $hyphen : ($real_slug ? '-' : '');
}
}
}
return $real_slug;
}
例子:
$str = "~!@#$%^&*()_+-=[]\{}|;':\",./<>?\n\r\t\x07\x00\x04 コリン ~!@#$%^&*()_+-=[]\{}|;':\",./<>?\n\r\t\x07\x00\x04 トーマス ~!@#$%^&*()_+-=[]\{}|;':\",./<>?\n\r\t\x07\x00\x04 アーノルド ~!@#$%^&*()_+-=[]\{}|;':\",./<>?\n\r\t\x07\x00\x04";
echo slug($str);
outputs: 科林-德-托马斯-德-阿诺德
“- -”是因为&变成了“- -”。
下面是Jeff代码的我的版本。我做了以下修改:
The hyphens were appended in such a way that one could be added, and then need removing as it was the last character in the string. That is, we never want “my-slug-”. This means an extra string allocation to remove it on this edge case. I’ve worked around this by delay-hyphening. If you compare my code to Jeff’s the logic for this is easy to follow. His approach is purely lookup based and missed a lot of characters I found in examples while researching on Stack Overflow. To counter this, I first peform a normalisation pass (AKA collation mentioned in Meta Stack Overflow question Non US-ASCII characters dropped from full (profile) URL), and then ignore any characters outside the acceptable ranges. This works most of the time... ... For when it doesn’t I’ve also had to add a lookup table. As mentioned above, some characters don’t map to a low ASCII value when normalised. Rather than drop these I’ve got a manual list of exceptions that is doubtless full of holes, but it is better than nothing. The normalisation code was inspired by Jon Hanna’s great post in Stack Overflow question How can I remove accents on a string?. The case conversion is now also optional. public static class Slug { public static string Create(bool toLower, params string[] values) { return Create(toLower, String.Join("-", values)); } /// <summary> /// Creates a slug. /// References: /// http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/tr15-34.html /// https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/7435/non-us-ascii-characters-dropped-from-full-profile-url/7696#7696 /// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25259/how-do-you-include-a-webpage-title-as-part-of-a-webpage-url/25486#25486 /// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3769457/how-can-i-remove-accents-on-a-string /// </summary> /// <param name="toLower"></param> /// <param name="normalised"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string Create(bool toLower, string value) { if (value == null) return ""; var normalised = value.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormKD); const int maxlen = 80; int len = normalised.Length; bool prevDash = false; var sb = new StringBuilder(len); char c; for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { c = normalised[i]; if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9')) { if (prevDash) { sb.Append('-'); prevDash = false; } sb.Append(c); } else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') { if (prevDash) { sb.Append('-'); prevDash = false; } // Tricky way to convert to lowercase if (toLower) sb.Append((char)(c | 32)); else sb.Append(c); } else if (c == ' ' || c == ',' || c == '.' || c == '/' || c == '\\' || c == '-' || c == '_' || c == '=') { if (!prevDash && sb.Length > 0) { prevDash = true; } } else { string swap = ConvertEdgeCases(c, toLower); if (swap != null) { if (prevDash) { sb.Append('-'); prevDash = false; } sb.Append(swap); } } if (sb.Length == maxlen) break; } return sb.ToString(); } static string ConvertEdgeCases(char c, bool toLower) { string swap = null; switch (c) { case 'ı': swap = "i"; break; case 'ł': swap = "l"; break; case 'Ł': swap = toLower ? "l" : "L"; break; case 'đ': swap = "d"; break; case 'ß': swap = "ss"; break; case 'ø': swap = "o"; break; case 'Þ': swap = "th"; break; } return swap; } }
关于更多的细节，单元测试，以及为什么Facebook的URL方案比堆栈溢出更聪明的解释，我在我的博客上有一个扩展版本。
