将清单大致等份的最佳方法是什么?例如，如果列表有7个元素，并将其分为2部分，我们希望其中一部分有3个元素，而另一部分应该有4个元素。
我正在寻找类似even_split(L, n)的东西，它将L分解为n部分。
def chunks(L, n):
""" Yield successive n-sized chunks from L.
"""
for i in range(0, len(L), n):
yield L[i:i+n]
上面的代码给出了3个块，而不是3个块。我可以简单地转置(遍历这个，取每列的第一个元素，称之为第一部分，然后取第二个元素，把它放在第二部分，等等)，但这破坏了项目的顺序。
当前回答
另一个简单可读的chunker的尝试。
def chunk(iterable, count): # returns a *generator* that divides `iterable` into `count` of contiguous chunks of similar size
assert count >= 1
return (iterable[int(_*len(iterable)/count+0.5):int((_+1)*len(iterable)/count+0.5)] for _ in range(count))
print("Chunk count: ", len(list( chunk(range(105),10))))
print("Chunks: ", list( chunk(range(105),10)))
print("Chunks: ", list(map(list,chunk(range(105),10))))
print("Chunk lengths:", list(map(len, chunk(range(105),10))))
print("Testing...")
for iterable_length in range(100):
for chunk_count in range(1,100):
chunks = list(chunk(range(iterable_length),chunk_count))
assert chunk_count == len(chunks)
assert iterable_length == sum(map(len,chunks))
assert all(map(lambda _:abs(len(_)-iterable_length/chunk_count)<=1,chunks))
print("Okay")
输出:
Chunk count: 10
Chunks: [range(0, 11), range(11, 21), range(21, 32), range(32, 42), range(42, 53), range(53, 63), range(63, 74), range(74, 84), range(84, 95), range(95, 105)]
Chunks: [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20], [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31], [32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41], [42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52], [53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62], [63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73], [74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83], [84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94], [95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104]]
Chunk lengths: [11, 10, 11, 10, 11, 10, 11, 10, 11, 10]
Testing...
Okay
其他回答
这是另一种变体，它将“剩余”元素均匀地分布在所有块中，一次一个，直到一个都不剩。在这个实现中，较大的块出现在流程的开头。
def chunks(l, k):
""" Yield k successive chunks from l."""
if k < 1:
yield []
raise StopIteration
n = len(l)
avg = n/k
remainders = n % k
start, end = 0, avg
while start < n:
if remainders > 0:
end = end + 1
remainders = remainders - 1
yield l[start:end]
start, end = end, end+avg
例如，从14个元素的列表中生成4个块:
>>> list(chunks(range(14), 4))
[[0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7], [8, 9, 10], [11, 12, 13]]
>>> map(len, list(chunks(range(14), 4)))
[4, 4, 3, 3]
如果你不介意顺序会改变，我建议你使用@job solution，否则，你可以使用这个:
def chunkIt(seq, num):
steps = int(len(seq) / float(num))
out = []
last = 0.0
while last < len(seq):
if len(seq) - (last + steps) < steps:
until = len(seq)
steps = len(seq) - last
else:
until = int(last + steps)
out.append(seq[int(last): until])
last += steps
return out
舍入linspace并将其用作索引是一种比amit12690建议的更简单的解决方案。
function chunks=chunkit(array,num)
index = round(linspace(0,size(array,2),num+1));
chunks = cell(1,num);
for x = 1:num
chunks{x} = array(:,index(x)+1:index(x+1));
end
end
这里有一个生成器，可以处理任何正(整数)数量的块。如果块的数量大于输入列表的长度，一些块将为空。该算法在短块和长块之间交替，而不是将它们分开。
我还包含了一些用于测试ragged_chunks函数的代码。
''' Split a list into "ragged" chunks
The size of each chunk is either the floor or ceiling of len(seq) / chunks
chunks can be > len(seq), in which case there will be empty chunks
Written by PM 2Ring 2017.03.30
'''
def ragged_chunks(seq, chunks):
size = len(seq)
start = 0
for i in range(1, chunks + 1):
stop = i * size // chunks
yield seq[start:stop]
start = stop
# test
def test_ragged_chunks(maxsize):
for size in range(0, maxsize):
seq = list(range(size))
for chunks in range(1, size + 1):
minwidth = size // chunks
#ceiling division
maxwidth = -(-size // chunks)
a = list(ragged_chunks(seq, chunks))
sizes = [len(u) for u in a]
deltas = all(minwidth <= u <= maxwidth for u in sizes)
assert all((sum(a, []) == seq, sum(sizes) == size, deltas))
return True
if test_ragged_chunks(100):
print('ok')
我们可以通过将乘法导出到range调用中来稍微提高效率，但我认为以前的版本更易于阅读(和dry)。
def ragged_chunks(seq, chunks):
size = len(seq)
start = 0
for i in range(size, size * chunks + 1, size):
stop = i // chunks
yield seq[start:stop]
start = stop
以下是我的解决方案:
def chunks(l, amount):
if amount < 1:
raise ValueError('amount must be positive integer')
chunk_len = len(l) // amount
leap_parts = len(l) % amount
remainder = amount // 2 # make it symmetrical
i = 0
while i < len(l):
remainder += leap_parts
end_index = i + chunk_len
if remainder >= amount:
remainder -= amount
end_index += 1
yield l[i:end_index]
i = end_index
生产
>>> list(chunks([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], 3))
[[1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7]]
