如果没有用户的合作，识别访问网站的电脑是不可能的。但是，如果他们允许，您可以存储一个cookie，以便在机器再次访问您的网站时识别它。关键在于，访问者是可控的;他们可以删除cookie，并随时以新访客的身份出现。

通过HTTP连接只能获得少量信息。

IP - But as others have said, this is not fixed for many, if not most Internet users due to their ISP's dynamic allocation policies. Useragent String - Nearly all browsers send what kind of browser they are with every request. However, this can be set by the user in many browsers today. Collection of request fields - There are other fields sent with each request, such as supported encodings, etc. These, if used in the aggregate can help to ID a user's machine, but again are browser dependent and can be changed. Cookies - Setting a cookie is another way to identify a machine, or more specifically a browser on a machine, but as others have said, these can be deleted, or turned off by the users, and are only applicable on a browser, not a machine.

So, the correct response is that you cannot achieve what you would live via the HTTP over IP protocols alone. However, using a combination of cookies, as well as IP, and the fields in the HTTP request, you have a good chance at guessing, sort of, what machine it is. Users tend to use only one browser, and often from one machine, so this may be fairly relieable, but this will vary depending on the audience...techies are more likely to mess with this stuff, and use more machines/browsers. Additionally, this could even be coupled with some attempt to geo-locate the IP, and use that data as well. But in any case, there is no solution that will be correct all of the time.

一个技巧:

Create 2 Registration Pages: First Registration Page: without any email or security check (just with username and password) Second Registration Page: with high security level (email verification request and security image and etc.) For customer satisfaction, and easy registration, default registration page should be the (First Registration Page) but in the (First Registration Page) there is a hidden restriction. It's IP Restriction. If an IP tried to register for second time, (for example less than 1 hour) instead of showing the block page. you can show the (Second Registration Page) automatically. in the (First Registration Page) you can set (for example: block 2 attempts from 1 ip for just 1 hour or 24 hours) and after (for example) 1 hour, you can open access from that ip automatically

请注意:(第一注册页)和(第二注册页)不应在分开的页面。你只写了一页。(例如:register.php)，并在第一PHP样式和第二PHP样式之间切换

与前面的解决方案一样，cookie是一个很好的方法，但要注意它们可以识别浏览器。如果我先用火狐浏览器访问一个网站，然后再用ie浏览器访问，两次访问都会分别存储cookie。一些用户也禁用cookie(但更多的人禁用JavaScript)。

另一种需要考虑的方法是IP和主机名标识(请注意，对于拨号/非静态IP用户，这些可能有所不同，AOL也使用通用IP)。然而，由于这只识别网络，这可能不像cookie那样工作。

有一种流行的方法叫做“画布指纹”，在这篇科学文章《网络永不遗忘》中有描述: 野外的持久跟踪机制。一旦你开始寻找它，你会惊讶于它被使用的频率。该方法创建一个唯一的指纹，该指纹对于每个浏览器/硬件组合都是一致的。

本文还介绍了其他持久跟踪方法，如evercookie、respawning http和Flash cookie以及cookie同步。

更多关于画布指纹的信息:

完美像素:HTML5中的指纹画布 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canvas_fingerprinting

cookie对于确定唯一访问者没有用处。用户可以清除cookie并刷新网站，然后他将再次被归类为新用户。

我认为最好的方法是实现一个服务器端解决方案(因为您需要某个地方来存储数据)。根据您对此类数据需求的复杂程度，您将需要确定哪些是唯一访问。一个明智的方法是允许一个IP地址在第二天返回，并给予一个唯一的访问。同一IP地址在一天内的多次访问不应被视为唯一的。

例如，使用PHP，获取访问者的IP地址并将其存储在文本文件(或sql数据库)中是很简单的。

服务器端解决方案可以在所有机器上工作，因为您将在用户第一次加载您的网站时跟踪用户。不要使用javascript，因为这意味着客户端脚本，而且用户可能在任何情况下都禁用了它。

希望这能有所帮助。