在Swift中，我们有===符号，这意味着两个对象都引用同一个引用同一个地址

class SomeClass {
var a: Int;

init(_ a: Int) {
    self.a = a
}

}

var someClass1 = SomeClass(4)
var someClass2 = SomeClass(4)
someClass1 === someClass2 // false
someClass2 = someClass1
someClass1 === someClass2 // true

在swift 3及以上

===(或!==)

检查两个值是否相同(都指向相同的内存地址)。 比较引用类型。 Like ==在Obj-C(指针相等)。

==(或!=)

检查值是否相同。 比较值类型。 就像Obj-C行为中的默认isEqual:一样。

这里我比较了三个实例(类是引用类型)

class Person {}

let person = Person()
let person2 = person
let person3 = Person()

person === person2 // true
person === person3 // false

Swifts ===有一些微妙之处，不仅仅是指针算术。而在Objective-C中，你可以用==比较任意两个指针(即NSObject *)，这在Swift中不再适用，因为类型在编译过程中扮演着更重要的角色。

游乐场会给你

1 === 2                    // false
1 === 1                    // true
let one = 1                // 1
1 === one                  // compile error: Type 'Int' does not conform to protocol 'AnyObject'
1 === (one as AnyObject)   // true (surprisingly (to me at least))

对于字符串，我们必须习惯这一点:

var st = "123"                                 // "123"
var ns = (st as NSString)                      // "123"
st == ns                                       // true, content equality
st === ns                                      // compile error
ns === (st as NSString)                        // false, new struct
ns === (st as AnyObject)                       // false, new struct
(st as NSString) === (st as NSString)          // false, new structs, bridging is not "free" (as in "lunch")
NSString(string:st) === NSString(string:st)    // false, new structs
var st1 = NSString(string:st)                  // "123"
var st2 = st1                                  // "123"
st1 === st2                                    // true
var st3 = (st as NSString)                     // "123"
st1 === st3                                    // false
(st as AnyObject) === (st as AnyObject)        // false

但你也可以享受如下乐趣:

var st4 = st             // "123"
st4 == st                // true
st4 += "5"               // "1235"
st4 == st                // false, not quite a reference, copy on write semantics

我相信你能想出更多有趣的例子:-)

Swift 3的更新(根据Jakub Truhlář的评论)

1===2                                    // Compiler error: binary operator '===' cannot be applied to two 'Int' operands
(1 as AnyObject) === (2 as AnyObject)    // false
let two = 2
(2 as AnyObject) === (two as AnyObject)  // false (rather unpleasant)
(2 as AnyObject) === (2 as AnyObject)    // false (this makes it clear that there are new objects being generated)

这看起来更符合类型“Int”不符合协议“AnyObject”，但我们然后得到

type(of:(1 as AnyObject))                // _SwiftTypePreservingNSNumber.Type

但是显式转换清楚地表明可能会发生一些事情。 在字符串方面，NSString仍然是可用的，只要我们导入Cocoa。然后我们会有

var st = "123"                                 // "123"
var ns = (st as NSString)                      // "123"
st == ns                                       // Compile error with Fixit: 'NSString' is not implicitly convertible to 'String'; did you mean to use 'as' to explicitly convert?
st == ns as String                             // true, content equality
st === ns                                      // compile error: binary operator '===' cannot be applied to operands of type 'String' and 'NSString'
ns === (st as NSString)                        // false, new struct
ns === (st as AnyObject)                       // false, new struct
(st as NSString) === (st as NSString)          // false, new structs, bridging is not "free" (as in "lunch")
NSString(string:st) === NSString(string:st)    // false, new objects
var st1 = NSString(string:st)                  // "123"
var st2 = st1                                  // "123"
st1 === st2                                    // true
var st3 = (st as NSString)                     // "123"
st1 === st3                                    // false
(st as AnyObject) === (st as AnyObject)        // false

拥有两个String类仍然令人困惑，但删除隐式转换可能会使它更明显一些。

例如，如果你创建一个类的两个实例，例如myClass:

var inst1 = myClass()
var inst2 = myClass()

你可以比较这些例子，

if inst1 === inst2

引用:

用于测试两个对象引用是否都引用 相同的对象实例。

摘自:苹果公司《快速编程语言》。“iBooks。https://itun.es/sk/jEUH0.l

==用于检查两个变量是否相等 2 == 2。但是在===的情况下，它代表相等，即如果两个实例引用同一个对象示例，在类的情况下，一个引用被创建，由许多其他实例持有。

Swift 4:另一个使用单元测试的例子，它只适用于===

注意:下面的测试使用==失败，使用===有效

func test_inputTextFields_Delegate_is_ViewControllerUnderTest() {

        //instantiate viewControllerUnderTest from Main storyboard
        let storyboard = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil)
        viewControllerUnderTest = storyboard.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "StoryBoardIdentifier") as! ViewControllerUnderTest 
        let _ = viewControllerUnderTest.view

        XCTAssertTrue(viewControllerUnderTest.inputTextField.delegate === viewControllerUnderTest) 
    }

这门课就是

class ViewControllerUnderTest: UIViewController, UITextFieldDelegate {
    @IBOutlet weak var inputTextField: UITextField!

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        inputTextField.delegate = self
    }
}

在单元测试中，如果使用==，则二进制操作符“==”不能应用于类型为“UITextFieldDelegate?”和“ViewControllerUnderTest!”