用于传递初始值(不向构造函数传递任何东西)

class MyStateful extends StatefulWidget {
  final String foo;

  const MyStateful({Key key, this.foo}): super(key: key);

  @override
  _MyStatefulState createState() => _MyStatefulState();
}

class _MyStatefulState extends State<MyStateful> {
  @override
  void initState(){
    super.initState();
    // you can use this.widget.foo here
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Text(foo);
  }
}

不要使用State的构造函数将参数传递给它。 您应该只使用this.widget.myField访问参数。

不仅编辑构造函数需要大量手工工作;它不会带来任何东西。没有理由复制Widget的所有字段。

编辑:

这里有一个例子:

class ServerIpText extends StatefulWidget {
  final String serverIP;

  const ServerIpText ({ Key? key, this.serverIP }): super(key: key);

  @override
  _ServerIpTextState createState() => _ServerIpTextState();
}

class _ServerIpTextState extends State<ServerIpText> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Text(widget.serverIP);
  }
}

class AnotherClass extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Center(
      child: ServerIpText(serverIP: "127.0.0.1")
    );
  }
}

最好的方法是不要使用State类的构造函数将参数传递给它。您可以使用widget.myField在State类中轻松访问。

例如

class UserData extends StatefulWidget {
  final String clientName;
  final int clientID;
  const UserData(this.clientName,this.clientID);

  @override
  UserDataState createState() => UserDataState();
}

class UserDataState extends State<UserData> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // Here you direct access using widget
    return Text(widget.clientName); 
  }
}

在导航屏幕时传递数据:

 Navigator.of(context).push(MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => UserData("WonderClientName",132)));

The best practice is to define the stateful widget class as immutable which means defining all dependencies (arrival parameter) as final parameters. and getting access to them by widget.<fieldName> in the state class. In case you want to change their values like reassigning you should define the same typed properties in your state class and re-assign them in the initState function. it is highly recommended not to define any not-final property in your stateful widget class and make it a mutable class. something like this pattern:

class SomePage extends StatefulWidget{
  final String? value;
  SomePage({this.value});

  @override
  State<SomePage> createState() => _SomePageState();
}

class _SomePageState extends State<SomePage> {
  String? _value;

  @override
  void initState(){
    super.initState();
    setState(() {
      _value = widget.value;
    });
  }

 @override
 Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Text(_value);
 }
}

要将数据传递给有状态小部件，首先要创建两个页面。现在从第一页打开第二页并传递数据。

class PageTwo extends StatefulWidget {
  final String title;
  final String name;

  PageTwo ({ this.title, this.name });

  @override
  PageTwoState createState() => PageTwoState();
}

class PageTwoStateState extends State<PageTwo> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
      return Text(
         widget.title,
         style: TextStyle(
               fontSize: 18, fontWeight: FontWeight.w700),
               ),
  }
}

class PageOne extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialButton(
          text: "Open PageTwo",
          onPressed: () {
                var destination = ServicePage(
                   title: '<Page Title>',
                   provider: '<Page Name>',
                );
                Navigator.push(context,
                    MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => destination));
                        },);
  }
}

另一个答案，建立在@RémiRousselet的回答器和@user6638204的问题，如果你想传递初始值，仍然能够在以后的状态下更新它们:

class MyStateful extends StatefulWidget {
  final String foo;

  const MyStateful({Key key, this.foo}): super(key: key);

  @override
  _MyStatefulState createState() => _MyStatefulState(foo: this.foo);
}

class _MyStatefulState extends State<MyStateful> {
  String foo;

  _MyStatefulState({this.foo});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Text(foo);
  }
}