不确定这有多有用，但你也可以在初始化应用程序时获得上下文。这是最快的你可以获得上下文，甚至在@Autowire之前。

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
    private static ApplicationContext context;

    // I believe this only runs during an embedded Tomcat with `mvn spring-boot:run`. 
    // I don't believe it runs when deploying to Tomcat on AWS.
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        context = SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
        DataSource dataSource = context.getBean(javax.sql.DataSource.class);
        Logger.getLogger("Application").info("DATASOURCE = " + dataSource);

在你执行任何其他建议之前，问自己这些问题…

为什么我要获取ApplicationContext? 我是否有效地使用ApplicationContext作为服务定位器? 我可以完全避免访问ApplicationContext吗?

在某些类型的应用程序(例如Web应用程序)中，这些问题的答案比在其他应用程序中更容易，但无论如何都值得一问。

访问ApplicationContext确实违反了整个依赖注入原则，但有时您没有太多选择。

我知道这个问题已经有了答案，但是我想分享一下我用来检索Spring Context的Kotlin代码。

我不是专家，所以我愿意接受批评、评论和建议:

https://gist.github.com/edpichler/9e22309a86b97dbd4cb1ffe011aa69dd

package com.company.web.spring

import com.company.jpa.spring.MyBusinessAppConfig
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet

@Configuration
@Import(value = [MyBusinessAppConfig::class])
@ComponentScan(basePackageClasses  = [SpringUtils::class])
open class WebAppConfig {
}

/**
 *
 * Singleton object to create (only if necessary), return and reuse a Spring Application Context.
 *
 * When you instantiates a class by yourself, spring context does not autowire its properties, but you can wire by yourself.
 * This class helps to find a context or create a new one, so you can wire properties inside objects that are not
 * created by Spring (e.g.: Servlets, usually created by the web server).
 *
 * Sometimes a SpringContext is created inside jUnit tests, or in the application server, or just manually. Independent
 * where it was created, I recommend you to configure your spring configuration to scan this SpringUtils package, so the 'springAppContext'
 * property will be used and autowired at the SpringUtils object the start of your spring context, and you will have just one instance of spring context public available.
 *
 *Ps: Even if your spring configuration doesn't include the SpringUtils @Component, it will works tto, but it will create a second Spring Context o your application.
 */
@Component
object SpringUtils {

        var springAppContext: ApplicationContext? = null
    @Autowired
    set(value) {
        field = value
    }



    /**
     * Tries to find and reuse the Application Spring Context. If none found, creates one and save for reuse.
     * @return returns a Spring Context.
     */
    fun ctx(): ApplicationContext {
        if (springAppContext!= null) {
            println("achou")
            return springAppContext as ApplicationContext;
        }

        //springcontext not autowired. Trying to find on the thread...
        val webContext = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext()
        if (webContext != null) {
            springAppContext = webContext;
            println("achou no servidor")
            return springAppContext as WebApplicationContext;
        }

        println("nao achou, vai criar")
        //None spring context found. Start creating a new one...
        val applicationContext = AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ( WebAppConfig::class.java )

        //saving the context for reusing next time
        springAppContext = applicationContext
        return applicationContext
    }

    /**
     * @return a Spring context of the WebApplication.
     * @param createNewWhenNotFound when true, creates a new Spring Context to return, when no one found in the ServletContext.
     * @param httpServlet the @WebServlet.
     */
    fun ctx(httpServlet: HttpServlet, createNewWhenNotFound: Boolean): ApplicationContext {
        try {
            val webContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.findWebApplicationContext(httpServlet.servletContext)
            if (webContext != null) {
                return webContext
            }
            if (createNewWhenNotFound) {
                //creates a new one
                return ctx()
            } else {
                throw NullPointerException("Cannot found a Spring Application Context.");
            }
        }catch (er: IllegalStateException){
            if (createNewWhenNotFound) {
                //creates a new one
                return ctx()
            }
            throw er;
        }
    }
}

现在，spring上下文是公开可用的，能够独立于上下文调用相同的方法(junit测试，bean，手动实例化类)，就像下面这个Java Servlet:

@WebServlet(name = "MyWebHook", value = "/WebHook")
public class MyWebServlet extends HttpServlet {


    private MyBean byBean
            = SpringUtils.INSTANCE.ctx(this, true).getBean(MyBean.class);


    public MyWebServlet() {

    }
}

即使在添加了@Autowire之后，如果你的类不是一个RestController或Configuration class, applicationContext对象仍然是空的。尝试用下面创建新类，它工作正常:

@Component
public class SpringContext implements ApplicationContextAware{

   private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;

   @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws 
     BeansException {
    this.applicationContext=applicationContext;
   }
 }

然后，你可以在同一个类中根据你的需要实现一个getter方法，比如通过:

    applicationContext.getBean(String serviceName,Interface.Class)

方法1:您可以通过实现ApplicationContextAware接口来注入ApplicationContext。参考链接。

@Component
public class ApplicationContextProvider implements ApplicationContextAware {

    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    public ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {
        return applicationContext;
    }

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }
}

方法2:在任何spring托管bean中自动装配应用程序上下文。

@Component
public class SpringBean {
  @Autowired
  private ApplicationContext appContext;
}

参考链接。

如果需要访问容器的对象是容器中的bean，则只需实现BeanFactoryAware或ApplicationContextAware接口。

如果容器外部的对象需要访问容器，我为spring容器使用了标准的GoF单例模式。这样，您的应用程序中只有一个单例bean，其余的都是容器中的单例bean。