我知道这个问题已经有了答案，但是我想分享一下我用来检索Spring Context的Kotlin代码。

我不是专家，所以我愿意接受批评、评论和建议:

https://gist.github.com/edpichler/9e22309a86b97dbd4cb1ffe011aa69dd

package com.company.web.spring

import com.company.jpa.spring.MyBusinessAppConfig
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet

@Configuration
@Import(value = [MyBusinessAppConfig::class])
@ComponentScan(basePackageClasses  = [SpringUtils::class])
open class WebAppConfig {
}

/**
 *
 * Singleton object to create (only if necessary), return and reuse a Spring Application Context.
 *
 * When you instantiates a class by yourself, spring context does not autowire its properties, but you can wire by yourself.
 * This class helps to find a context or create a new one, so you can wire properties inside objects that are not
 * created by Spring (e.g.: Servlets, usually created by the web server).
 *
 * Sometimes a SpringContext is created inside jUnit tests, or in the application server, or just manually. Independent
 * where it was created, I recommend you to configure your spring configuration to scan this SpringUtils package, so the 'springAppContext'
 * property will be used and autowired at the SpringUtils object the start of your spring context, and you will have just one instance of spring context public available.
 *
 *Ps: Even if your spring configuration doesn't include the SpringUtils @Component, it will works tto, but it will create a second Spring Context o your application.
 */
@Component
object SpringUtils {

        var springAppContext: ApplicationContext? = null
    @Autowired
    set(value) {
        field = value
    }



    /**
     * Tries to find and reuse the Application Spring Context. If none found, creates one and save for reuse.
     * @return returns a Spring Context.
     */
    fun ctx(): ApplicationContext {
        if (springAppContext!= null) {
            println("achou")
            return springAppContext as ApplicationContext;
        }

        //springcontext not autowired. Trying to find on the thread...
        val webContext = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext()
        if (webContext != null) {
            springAppContext = webContext;
            println("achou no servidor")
            return springAppContext as WebApplicationContext;
        }

        println("nao achou, vai criar")
        //None spring context found. Start creating a new one...
        val applicationContext = AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ( WebAppConfig::class.java )

        //saving the context for reusing next time
        springAppContext = applicationContext
        return applicationContext
    }

    /**
     * @return a Spring context of the WebApplication.
     * @param createNewWhenNotFound when true, creates a new Spring Context to return, when no one found in the ServletContext.
     * @param httpServlet the @WebServlet.
     */
    fun ctx(httpServlet: HttpServlet, createNewWhenNotFound: Boolean): ApplicationContext {
        try {
            val webContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.findWebApplicationContext(httpServlet.servletContext)
            if (webContext != null) {
                return webContext
            }
            if (createNewWhenNotFound) {
                //creates a new one
                return ctx()
            } else {
                throw NullPointerException("Cannot found a Spring Application Context.");
            }
        }catch (er: IllegalStateException){
            if (createNewWhenNotFound) {
                //creates a new one
                return ctx()
            }
            throw er;
        }
    }
}

现在，spring上下文是公开可用的，能够独立于上下文调用相同的方法(junit测试，bean，手动实例化类)，就像下面这个Java Servlet:

@WebServlet(name = "MyWebHook", value = "/WebHook")
public class MyWebServlet extends HttpServlet {


    private MyBean byBean
            = SpringUtils.INSTANCE.ctx(this, true).getBean(MyBean.class);


    public MyWebServlet() {

    }
}

SpringApplicationContext.java

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;

/**
 * Wrapper to always return a reference to the Spring Application 
Context from
 * within non-Spring enabled beans. Unlike Spring MVC's 
WebApplicationContextUtils
 * we do not need a reference to the Servlet context for this. All we need is
 * for this bean to be initialized during application startup.
 */
public class SpringApplicationContext implements 
ApplicationContextAware {

  private static ApplicationContext CONTEXT;

  /**
   * This method is called from within the ApplicationContext once it is 
   * done starting up, it will stick a reference to itself into this bean.
  * @param context a reference to the ApplicationContext.
  */
  public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context) throws BeansException {
    CONTEXT = context;
  }

  /**
   * This is about the same as context.getBean("beanName"), except it has its
   * own static handle to the Spring context, so calling this method statically
   * will give access to the beans by name in the Spring application context.
   * As in the context.getBean("beanName") call, the caller must cast to the
   * appropriate target class. If the bean does not exist, then a Runtime error
   * will be thrown.
   * @param beanName the name of the bean to get.
   * @return an Object reference to the named bean.
   */
  public static Object getBean(String beanName) {
    return CONTEXT.getBean(beanName);
  }
}

来源:http://sujitpal.blogspot.de/2007/03/accessing-spring-beans-from-legacy-code.html

请注意;下面的代码将创建新的应用程序上下文，而不是使用已经加载的上下文。

private static final ApplicationContext context = 
               new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");

还要注意，beans.xml应该是src/main/resources的一部分，这意味着在war中它是WEB_INF/classes的一部分，其中真正的应用程序将通过Web.xml中提到的applicationContext.xml加载。

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>META-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

在ClassPathXmlApplicationContext构造函数中很难提及applicationContext.xml路径。ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("META-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml")无法定位文件。

因此，最好通过使用注释来使用现有的applicationContext。

@Component
public class OperatorRequestHandlerFactory {

    public static ApplicationContext context;

    @Autowired
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        context = applicationContext;
    }
}

如果你使用的是web应用，还有另一种不使用单例的方式来访问应用上下文，那就是使用servletfilter和ThreadLocal。在过滤器中，您可以使用WebApplicationContextUtils访问应用程序上下文，并在TheadLocal中存储应用程序上下文或所需的bean。

警告:如果你忘记撤消ThreadLocal，你将在尝试撤消应用程序时遇到严重的问题!因此，您应该设置它，并立即开始尝试，在最后部分取消对ThreadLocal的设置。

当然，这仍然使用一个单例:ThreadLocal。但实际的豆子不需要再这样了。它甚至可以是请求范围的，如果应用程序中有多个war，并且EAR中的库也可以使用此解决方案。不过，您可能会认为ThreadLocal的这种使用与普通单例的使用一样糟糕。；-）

也许Spring已经提供了类似的解决方案?我没有找到，但我不确定。

我使用一种简单、标准化的方法允许外部访问我自己的任何单例Spring bean。使用这个方法，我继续让Spring实例化Bean。我是这么做的:

定义与外围类类型相同的私有静态变量。 在类的每个构造函数中将该变量设置为this。如果类没有构造函数，则添加一个用于设置变量的默认构造函数。 定义一个返回单例变量的公共静态getter方法。

这里有一个例子:

@Component
public class MyBean {
    ...

    private static MyBean singleton = null;

    public MyBean() {
        ...
        singleton = this;
    }

    ...
    
    public void someMethod() {
        ...
    }

    ...

    public static MyBean get() {
        return singleton;
    }
}

然后我可以在单例bean上调用someMethod，在我代码中的任何地方，通过:

MyBean.get().someMethod();

如果您已经子类化了您的ApplicationContext，您可以直接将这种机制添加到它中。否则，您可以子类化它来完成这个任务，或者将这个机制添加到任何可以访问ApplicationContext的bean中，然后使用它来从任何地方访问ApplicationContext。重要的是，正是这个机制让您能够进入Spring环境。

请注意，通过将当前ApplicationContext的任何状态或ApplicationContext本身存储在一个静态变量中(例如使用单例模式)，如果使用Spring-test，您将使您的测试不稳定且不可预测。这是因为Spring-test在同一个JVM中缓存和重用应用程序上下文。例如:

测试运行并使用@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:foo.xml"})进行注释。 测试B运行并使用@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:foo.xml"， "classpath:bar.xml})进行注释 运行测试C，并且使用@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:foo.xml"})进行注释

当测试A运行时，将创建一个ApplicationContext，并且任何实现ApplicationContextAware或自动装配ApplicationContext的bean都可能写入静态变量。

当测试B运行时，同样的事情也会发生，并且静态变量现在指向测试B的ApplicationContext

当测试C运行时，没有bean被创建，因为测试A的TestContext(这里是ApplicationContext)被重用了。现在，您得到了一个指向另一个ApplicationContext的静态变量，而不是当前为您的测试保存bean的ApplicationContext。