通常，为了获得较低级别的操作系统信息，您可以通过Runtime.exec()调用特定于操作系统的命令，这些命令会提供您想要的信息，或者读取Linux中的/proc/*等文件。

一个简单的方法可以用来获得操作系统级别的信息，我在我的Mac上测试，效果很好:

 OperatingSystemMXBean osBean =
        (OperatingSystemMXBean)ManagementFactory.getOperatingSystemMXBean();
    return osBean.getProcessCpuLoad();

您可以在这里找到操作系统的许多相关指标

它仍在开发中，但您已经可以使用jHardware了

它是一个使用Java丢弃系统数据的简单库。它在Linux和Windows上都可以运行。

ProcessorInfo info = HardwareInfo.getProcessorInfo();
//Get named info
System.out.println("Cache size: " + info.getCacheSize());        
System.out.println("Family: " + info.getFamily());
System.out.println("Speed (Mhz): " + info.getMhz());
//[...]

为了在java代码中获得1分钟，5分钟和15分钟的系统负载平均值，你可以通过执行cat /proc/loadavg命令来做到这一点，并如下所示:

    Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();

    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
        new InputStreamReader(runtime.exec("cat /proc/loadavg").getInputStream()));

    String avgLine = br.readLine();
    System.out.println(avgLine);
    List<String> avgLineList = Arrays.asList(avgLine.split("\\s+"));
    System.out.println(avgLineList);
    System.out.println("Average load 1 minute : " + avgLineList.get(0));
    System.out.println("Average load 5 minutes : " + avgLineList.get(1));
    System.out.println("Average load 15 minutes : " + avgLineList.get(2));

通过执行free -m命令获取物理系统内存，然后解释如下:

Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
    new InputStreamReader(runtime.exec("free -m").getInputStream()));

String line;
String memLine = "";
int index = 0;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
  if (index == 1) {
    memLine = line;
  }
  index++;
}
//                  total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
//    Mem:          15933        3153        9683         310        3097       12148
//    Swap:          3814           0        3814

List<String> memInfoList = Arrays.asList(memLine.split("\\s+"));
int totalSystemMemory = Integer.parseInt(memInfoList.get(1));
int totalSystemUsedMemory = Integer.parseInt(memInfoList.get(2));
int totalSystemFreeMemory = Integer.parseInt(memInfoList.get(3));

System.out.println("Total system memory in mb: " + totalSystemMemory);
System.out.println("Total system used memory in mb: " + totalSystemUsedMemory);
System.out.println("Total system free memory in mb: "   + totalSystemFreeMemory);

至于窗户，我走这边。

    com.sun.management.OperatingSystemMXBean os = (com.sun.management.OperatingSystemMXBean) ManagementFactory.getOperatingSystemMXBean();

    long physicalMemorySize = os.getTotalPhysicalMemorySize();
    long freePhysicalMemory = os.getFreePhysicalMemorySize();
    long freeSwapSize = os.getFreeSwapSpaceSize();
    long commitedVirtualMemorySize = os.getCommittedVirtualMemorySize();

这里有详细的链接。

不是你想要的，但是我建议你从common -lang3中查看ArchUtils和SystemUtils。它们还包含一些相关的辅助工具，例如:

import static org.apache.commons.lang3.ArchUtils.*;
import static org.apache.commons.lang3.SystemUtils.*;

System.out.printf("OS architecture: %s\n", OS_ARCH); // OS architecture: amd64
System.out.printf("OS name: %s\n", OS_NAME);         // OS name: Linux
System.out.printf("OS version: %s\n", OS_VERSION);   // OS version: 5.18.16-200.fc36.x86_64

System.out.printf("Is Linux? - %b\n", IS_OS_LINUX);     // Is Linux? - true
System.out.printf("Is Mac? - %b\n", IS_OS_MAC);         // Is Mac? - false
System.out.printf("Is Windows? - %b\n", IS_OS_WINDOWS); // Is Windows? - false

System.out.printf("JVM name: %s\n", JAVA_VM_NAME);       // JVM name: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM
System.out.printf("JVM vendor: %s\n", JAVA_VM_VENDOR);   // JVM vendor: Oracle Corporation
System.out.printf("JVM version: %s\n", JAVA_VM_VERSION); // JVM version: 11.0.12+8-LTS-237

System.out.printf("Username: %s\n", getUserName()); // Username: johndoe
System.out.printf("Hostname: %s\n", getHostName()); // Hostname: garage-pc

var processor = getProcessor();
System.out.printf("CPU arch: %s\n", processor.getArch())  // CPU arch: BIT_64
System.out.printf("CPU type: %s\n", processor.getType()); // CPU type: X86