我如何在Swift中生成一个随机的字母数字字符串?
当前回答
如果你的随机字符串应该是安全随机的,使用这个:
import Foundation
import Security
// ...
private static func createAlphaNumericRandomString(length: Int) -> String? {
// create random numbers from 0 to 63
// use random numbers as index for accessing characters from the symbols string
// this limit is chosen because it is close to the number of possible symbols A-Z, a-z, 0-9
// so the error rate for invalid indices is low
let randomNumberModulo: UInt8 = 64
// indices greater than the length of the symbols string are invalid
// invalid indices are skipped
let symbols = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
var alphaNumericRandomString = ""
let maximumIndex = symbols.count - 1
while alphaNumericRandomString.count != length {
let bytesCount = 1
var randomByte: UInt8 = 0
guard errSecSuccess == SecRandomCopyBytes(kSecRandomDefault, bytesCount, &randomByte) else {
return nil
}
let randomIndex = randomByte % randomNumberModulo
// check if index exceeds symbols string length, then skip
guard randomIndex <= maximumIndex else { continue }
let symbolIndex = symbols.index(symbols.startIndex, offsetBy: Int(randomIndex))
alphaNumericRandomString.append(symbols[symbolIndex])
}
return alphaNumericRandomString
}
其他回答
针对Swift 3.0
func randomString(_ length: Int) -> String {
let letters : NSString = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
let len = UInt32(letters.length)
var randomString = ""
for _ in 0 ..< length {
let rand = arc4random_uniform(len)
var nextChar = letters.character(at: Int(rand))
randomString += NSString(characters: &nextChar, length: 1) as String
}
return randomString
}
如果你的随机字符串应该是安全随机的,使用这个:
import Foundation
import Security
// ...
private static func createAlphaNumericRandomString(length: Int) -> String? {
// create random numbers from 0 to 63
// use random numbers as index for accessing characters from the symbols string
// this limit is chosen because it is close to the number of possible symbols A-Z, a-z, 0-9
// so the error rate for invalid indices is low
let randomNumberModulo: UInt8 = 64
// indices greater than the length of the symbols string are invalid
// invalid indices are skipped
let symbols = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
var alphaNumericRandomString = ""
let maximumIndex = symbols.count - 1
while alphaNumericRandomString.count != length {
let bytesCount = 1
var randomByte: UInt8 = 0
guard errSecSuccess == SecRandomCopyBytes(kSecRandomDefault, bytesCount, &randomByte) else {
return nil
}
let randomIndex = randomByte % randomNumberModulo
// check if index exceeds symbols string length, then skip
guard randomIndex <= maximumIndex else { continue }
let symbolIndex = symbols.index(symbols.startIndex, offsetBy: Int(randomIndex))
alphaNumericRandomString.append(symbols[symbolIndex])
}
return alphaNumericRandomString
}
func randomUIDString(_ wlength: Int) -> String {
let letters : NSString = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
var randomString = ""
for _ in 0 ..< wlength {
let length = UInt32 (letters.length)
let rand = arc4random_uniform(length)
randomString = randomString.appendingFormat("%C", letters.character(at: Int(rand)));
}
return randomString
}
Swift 2.2版本
// based on https://gist.github.com/samuel-mellert/20b3c99dec168255a046
// which is based on https://gist.github.com/szhernovoy/276e69eb90a0de84dd90
// Updated to work on Swift 2.2
func randomString(length: Int) -> String {
let charactersString = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
let charactersArray : [Character] = Array(charactersString.characters)
var string = ""
for _ in 0..<length {
string.append(charactersArray[Int(arc4random()) % charactersArray.count])
}
return string
}
基本上调用这个方法,它将生成一个随机字符串,长度为传递给函数的整数。要更改可能的字符,只需编辑charactersString字符串。也支持unicode字符。
https://gist.github.com/gingofthesouth/54bea667b28a815b2fe33a4da986e327
一种避免输入整套字符的方法:
func randomAlphanumericString(length: Int) -> String {
enum Statics {
static let scalars = [UnicodeScalar("a").value...UnicodeScalar("z").value,
UnicodeScalar("A").value...UnicodeScalar("Z").value,
UnicodeScalar("0").value...UnicodeScalar("9").value].joined()
static let characters = scalars.map { Character(UnicodeScalar($0)!) }
}
let result = (0..<length).map { _ in Statics.characters.randomElement()! }
return String(result)
}