我如何在Swift中生成一个随机的字母数字字符串?
当前回答
如果你的随机字符串应该是安全随机的,使用这个:
import Foundation
import Security
// ...
private static func createAlphaNumericRandomString(length: Int) -> String? {
// create random numbers from 0 to 63
// use random numbers as index for accessing characters from the symbols string
// this limit is chosen because it is close to the number of possible symbols A-Z, a-z, 0-9
// so the error rate for invalid indices is low
let randomNumberModulo: UInt8 = 64
// indices greater than the length of the symbols string are invalid
// invalid indices are skipped
let symbols = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
var alphaNumericRandomString = ""
let maximumIndex = symbols.count - 1
while alphaNumericRandomString.count != length {
let bytesCount = 1
var randomByte: UInt8 = 0
guard errSecSuccess == SecRandomCopyBytes(kSecRandomDefault, bytesCount, &randomByte) else {
return nil
}
let randomIndex = randomByte % randomNumberModulo
// check if index exceeds symbols string length, then skip
guard randomIndex <= maximumIndex else { continue }
let symbolIndex = symbols.index(symbols.startIndex, offsetBy: Int(randomIndex))
alphaNumericRandomString.append(symbols[symbolIndex])
}
return alphaNumericRandomString
}
其他回答
我对这个问题的更快速的回答是:
func randomAlphanumericString(length: Int) -> String {
let letters = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".characters
let lettersLength = UInt32(letters.count)
let randomCharacters = (0..<length).map { i -> String in
let offset = Int(arc4random_uniform(lettersLength))
let c = letters[letters.startIndex.advancedBy(offset)]
return String(c)
}
return randomCharacters.joinWithSeparator("")
}
斯威夫特4
苹果推荐使用RandomNumberGenerator获得更好的性能
用法:String.random (20) 结果:CifkNZ9wy9jBOT0KJtV4
extension String{
static func random(length:Int)->String{
let letters = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
var randomString = ""
while randomString.utf8.count < length{
let randomLetter = letters.randomElement()
randomString += randomLetter?.description ?? ""
}
return randomString
}
}
斯威夫特5.0
// Generating Random String
func randomString(length: Int) -> String {
let letters = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
return String((0..<length).map{ _ in letters.randomElement()! })
}
// Calling to string
label.text = randomString(length: 3)
这里有一个Swiftier语法的现成解决方案。你可以简单地复制粘贴它:
func randomAlphaNumericString(length: Int) -> String {
let allowedChars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
let allowedCharsCount = UInt32(allowedChars.characters.count)
var randomString = ""
for _ in 0 ..< length {
let randomNum = Int(arc4random_uniform(allowedCharsCount))
let randomIndex = allowedChars.index(allowedChars.startIndex, offsetBy: randomNum)
let newCharacter = allowedChars[randomIndex]
randomString += String(newCharacter)
}
return randomString
}
如果你喜欢一个框架,也有一些更方便的功能,然后随时签出我的项目handysswift。它还包括一个漂亮的随机字母数字字符串的解决方案:
String(randomWithLength: 8, allowedCharactersType: .alphaNumeric) // => "2TgM5sUG"
func randomUIDString(_ wlength: Int) -> String {
let letters : NSString = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
var randomString = ""
for _ in 0 ..< wlength {
let length = UInt32 (letters.length)
let rand = arc4random_uniform(length)
randomString = randomString.appendingFormat("%C", letters.character(at: Int(rand)));
}
return randomString
}
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