我如何在Swift中生成一个随机的字母数字字符串?


当前回答

这里有一个Swiftier语法的现成解决方案。你可以简单地复制粘贴它:

func randomAlphaNumericString(length: Int) -> String {
    let allowedChars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
    let allowedCharsCount = UInt32(allowedChars.characters.count)
    var randomString = ""

    for _ in 0 ..< length {
        let randomNum = Int(arc4random_uniform(allowedCharsCount))
        let randomIndex = allowedChars.index(allowedChars.startIndex, offsetBy: randomNum)
        let newCharacter = allowedChars[randomIndex]
        randomString += String(newCharacter)
    }

    return randomString
}

如果你喜欢一个框架,也有一些更方便的功能,然后随时签出我的项目handysswift。它还包括一个漂亮的随机字母数字字符串的解决方案:

String(randomWithLength: 8, allowedCharactersType: .alphaNumeric) // => "2TgM5sUG"

其他回答

Swift 2.2版本

// based on https://gist.github.com/samuel-mellert/20b3c99dec168255a046
// which is based on https://gist.github.com/szhernovoy/276e69eb90a0de84dd90
// Updated to work on Swift 2.2

func randomString(length: Int) -> String {
    let charactersString = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
    let charactersArray : [Character] = Array(charactersString.characters)

    var string = ""
    for _ in 0..<length {
        string.append(charactersArray[Int(arc4random()) % charactersArray.count])
    }

    return string
}

基本上调用这个方法,它将生成一个随机字符串,长度为传递给函数的整数。要更改可能的字符,只需编辑charactersString字符串。也支持unicode字符。

https://gist.github.com/gingofthesouth/54bea667b28a815b2fe33a4da986e327

你也可以这样使用它:

extension String {

    static func random(length: Int = 20) -> String {

        let base = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
        var randomString: String = ""

        for _ in 0..<length {

            let randomValue = arc4random_uniform(UInt32(base.characters.count))
            randomString += "\(base[base.startIndex.advancedBy(Int(randomValue))])"
        }

        return randomString
    }
}

简单的用法:

let randomString = String.random()

Swift 3语法:

extension String {

    static func random(length: Int = 20) -> String {
        let base = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
        var randomString: String = ""

        for _ in 0..<length {
            let randomValue = arc4random_uniform(UInt32(base.characters.count))
            randomString += "\(base[base.index(base.startIndex, offsetBy: Int(randomValue))])"
        }
        return randomString
    }
}

Swift 4语法:

extension String {

    static func random(length: Int = 20) -> String {
        let base = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
        var randomString: String = ""

        for _ in 0..<length {
            let randomValue = arc4random_uniform(UInt32(base.count))
            randomString += "\(base[base.index(base.startIndex, offsetBy: Int(randomValue))])"
        }
        return randomString
    }
}

为Swift 4更新。在类扩展上使用惰性存储变量。这只计算一次。

extension String {

    static var chars: [Character] = {
        return "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".map({$0})
    }()

    static func random(length: Int) -> String {
        var partial: [Character] = []

        for _ in 0..<length {
            let rand = Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(chars.count)))
            partial.append(chars[rand])
        }

        return String(partial)
    }
}

String.random(length: 10) //STQp9JQxoq

一种避免输入整套字符的方法:

func randomAlphanumericString(length: Int) -> String  {
    enum Statics {
        static let scalars = [UnicodeScalar("a").value...UnicodeScalar("z").value,
                              UnicodeScalar("A").value...UnicodeScalar("Z").value,
                              UnicodeScalar("0").value...UnicodeScalar("9").value].joined()

        static let characters = scalars.map { Character(UnicodeScalar($0)!) }
    }
    
    let result = (0..<length).map { _ in Statics.characters.randomElement()! }
    return String(result)
}

斯威夫特5.6

此函数生成一个以36为基数的10位数字,然后将其作为字母数字字符串返回。

func randomCode(length: Int) -> String {
    let radix = 36 // = 10 digits + 26 letters
    let number = Int.random(in: 0..<(pow(radix, length)))
    return String(number, radix: radix, uppercase: true)
}

或者如果你不希望代码以“0”开头:

func randomCode(length: Int) -> String {
    let radix = 36 // = 10 digits + 26 letters
    let range = (pow(radix, length)/2)..<(pow(radix, length))
    let number = Int.random(in: range)
    return String(number, radix: radix, uppercase: true)
}