我正在运行一个程序,它正在处理3万个类似的文件。随机数量的它们停止并产生此错误…

  File "C:\Importer\src\dfman\importer.py", line 26, in import_chr
    data = pd.read_csv(filepath, names=fields)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\parsers.py", line 400, in parser_f
    return _read(filepath_or_buffer, kwds)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\parsers.py", line 205, in _read
    return parser.read()
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\parsers.py", line 608, in read
    ret = self._engine.read(nrows)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\parsers.py", line 1028, in read
    data = self._reader.read(nrows)
  File "parser.pyx", line 706, in pandas.parser.TextReader.read (pandas\parser.c:6745)
  File "parser.pyx", line 728, in pandas.parser.TextReader._read_low_memory (pandas\parser.c:6964)
  File "parser.pyx", line 804, in pandas.parser.TextReader._read_rows (pandas\parser.c:7780)
  File "parser.pyx", line 890, in pandas.parser.TextReader._convert_column_data (pandas\parser.c:8793)
  File "parser.pyx", line 950, in pandas.parser.TextReader._convert_tokens (pandas\parser.c:9484)
  File "parser.pyx", line 1026, in pandas.parser.TextReader._convert_with_dtype (pandas\parser.c:10642)
  File "parser.pyx", line 1046, in pandas.parser.TextReader._string_convert (pandas\parser.c:10853)
  File "parser.pyx", line 1278, in pandas.parser._string_box_utf8 (pandas\parser.c:15657)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xda in position 6: invalid    continuation byte

这些文件的来源/创建都来自同一个地方。纠正这个问题以继续导入的最佳方法是什么?


当前回答

Pandas允许指定编码,但不允许忽略错误,不允许自动替换违规字节。因此,没有一种适合所有情况的方法,而是根据实际用例使用不同的方法。

You know the encoding, and there is no encoding error in the file. Great: you have just to specify the encoding: file_encoding = 'cp1252' # set file_encoding to the file encoding (utf8, latin1, etc.) pd.read_csv(input_file_and_path, ..., encoding=file_encoding) You do not want to be bothered with encoding questions, and only want that damn file to load, no matter if some text fields contain garbage. Ok, you only have to use Latin1 encoding because it accept any possible byte as input (and convert it to the unicode character of same code): pd.read_csv(input_file_and_path, ..., encoding='latin1') You know that most of the file is written with a specific encoding, but it also contains encoding errors. A real world example is an UTF8 file that has been edited with a non utf8 editor and which contains some lines with a different encoding. Pandas has no provision for a special error processing, but Python open function has (assuming Python3), and read_csv accepts a file like object. Typical errors parameter to use here are 'ignore' which just suppresses the offending bytes or (IMHO better) 'backslashreplace' which replaces the offending bytes by their Python’s backslashed escape sequence: file_encoding = 'utf8' # set file_encoding to the file encoding (utf8, latin1, etc.) input_fd = open(input_file_and_path, encoding=file_encoding, errors = 'backslashreplace') pd.read_csv(input_fd, ...)

其他回答

Read_csv接受一个编码选项来处理不同格式的文件。我主要使用read_csv('file', encoding = "ISO-8859-1"),或者encoding = "utf-8"用于读取,通常utf-8用于to_csv。

你也可以使用一些别名选项,如'latin'或'cp1252' (Windows),而不是'ISO-8859-1'(参见python文档,也可以了解您可能遇到的许多其他编码)。

参见相关熊猫文件, 关于csv文件的python文档示例,以及大量关于SO的相关问题。一个很好的背景资源是每个开发人员都应该知道unicode和字符集。

要检测编码(假设文件包含非ascii字符),可以使用enca(参见手册页)或file -i (linux)或file -i (osx)(参见手册页)。

尝试改变编码。 在我的例子中,encoding = "utf-16"起作用了。

df = pd.read_csv(“file.csv”,encoding='utf-16')

在我的案例中,我无法使用之前提供的任何方法来克服这个问题。将编码器类型更改为utf-8、utf-16、iso-8859-1或任何其他类型都不工作。

但是不用pd。read_csv(文件名,分隔符=';'),我用的是;

pd。Read_csv (open(filename, 'r'), delimiter=';')

一切似乎都很顺利。

对于上述问题,这是一种更通用的脚本方法。

import pandas as pd

encoding_list = ['ascii', 'big5', 'big5hkscs', 'cp037', 'cp273', 'cp424', 'cp437', 'cp500', 'cp720', 'cp737'
                 , 'cp775', 'cp850', 'cp852', 'cp855', 'cp856', 'cp857', 'cp858', 'cp860', 'cp861', 'cp862'
                 , 'cp863', 'cp864', 'cp865', 'cp866', 'cp869', 'cp874', 'cp875', 'cp932', 'cp949', 'cp950'
                 , 'cp1006', 'cp1026', 'cp1125', 'cp1140', 'cp1250', 'cp1251', 'cp1252', 'cp1253', 'cp1254'
                 , 'cp1255', 'cp1256', 'cp1257', 'cp1258', 'euc_jp', 'euc_jis_2004', 'euc_jisx0213', 'euc_kr'
                 , 'gb2312', 'gbk', 'gb18030', 'hz', 'iso2022_jp', 'iso2022_jp_1', 'iso2022_jp_2'
                 , 'iso2022_jp_2004', 'iso2022_jp_3', 'iso2022_jp_ext', 'iso2022_kr', 'latin_1', 'iso8859_2'
                 , 'iso8859_3', 'iso8859_4', 'iso8859_5', 'iso8859_6', 'iso8859_7', 'iso8859_8', 'iso8859_9'
                 , 'iso8859_10', 'iso8859_11', 'iso8859_13', 'iso8859_14', 'iso8859_15', 'iso8859_16', 'johab'
                 , 'koi8_r', 'koi8_t', 'koi8_u', 'kz1048', 'mac_cyrillic', 'mac_greek', 'mac_iceland', 'mac_latin2'
                 , 'mac_roman', 'mac_turkish', 'ptcp154', 'shift_jis', 'shift_jis_2004', 'shift_jisx0213', 'utf_32'
                 , 'utf_32_be', 'utf_32_le', 'utf_16', 'utf_16_be', 'utf_16_le', 'utf_7', 'utf_8', 'utf_8_sig']

for encoding in encoding_list:
    worked = True
    try:
        df = pd.read_csv(path, encoding=encoding, nrows=5)
    except:
        worked = False
    if worked:
        print(encoding, ':\n', df.head())

首先是python版本可用的所有标准编码(在本例中是3.7 python 3.7 standard encodings)。 这里提供了不同python版本的标准编码的可用python列表:有用的堆栈溢出答案

在一小块数据上尝试每种编码; 只打印工作编码。 输出是非常明显的。 这个输出还解决了一个问题,编码像'latin1',通过应该有任何错误,不一定产生想要的结果。

如果有问题,我会尝试这种方法,具体到有问题的CSV文件,然后可能会尝试使用所有其他的工作编码。

最简单的解决方案:

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv('file_name.csv', engine='python')

替代解决方案:

崇高的文本:

在Sublime文本编辑器或VS Code中打开csv文件。 以utf-8格式保存。 在sublime中,单击File -> Save with encoding -> UTF-8

VS代码:

在VSCode的底部栏中,您将看到标签UTF-8。点击它。弹出窗口会打开。单击“保存编码”。现在可以为该文件选择新的编码。

然后,您可以像往常一样读取您的文件:

import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv('file_name.csv', encoding='utf-8')

其他不同的编码类型有:

encoding = "cp1252"
encoding = "ISO-8859-1"