您可以散列整个URL，但如果您只想缩短id，请按照marcel的建议进行。我写了这个Python实现:

https://gist.github.com/778542

我将继续您的“将数字转换为字符串”方法。但是，如果您的ID是质数且大于52，您将意识到您提出的算法将失败。

理论背景

你需要一个双射函数f。这是必要的，这样你就可以为你的f(123) = 'abc'函数找到一个逆函数g('abc') = 123。这意味着:

一定不存在x1 x2 (x1≠x2)使得f(x1) = f(x2) 对于每一个y，你必须能找到一个x，使f(x) = y。

如何将ID转换为缩短的URL

Think of an alphabet we want to use. In your case, that's [a-zA-Z0-9]. It contains 62 letters. Take an auto-generated, unique numerical key (the auto-incremented id of a MySQL table for example). For this example, I will use 12510 (125 with a base of 10). Now you have to convert 12510 to X62 (base 62). 12510 = 2×621 + 1×620 = [2,1] This requires the use of integer division and modulo. A pseudo-code example: digits = [] while num > 0 remainder = modulo(num, 62) digits.push(remainder) num = divide(num, 62) digits = digits.reverse Now map the indices 2 and 1 to your alphabet. This is how your mapping (with an array for example) could look like: 0 → a 1 → b ... 25 → z ... 52 → 0 61 → 9 With 2 → c and 1 → b, you will receive cb62 as the shortened URL. http://shor.ty/cb

如何将缩短的URL解析为初始ID

反过来就更容易了。你只需要在字母表中反向查找。

E9a62将被解析为“字母表中的第4、61和0个字母”。 E9a62 = [4,61,0] = 4×622 + 61×621 + 0×620 = 1915810 现在找到WHERE id = 19158的数据库记录并执行重定向。

示例实现(由评论者提供)

c++ Python Ruby Haskell c# CoffeeScript Perl

这是一个不错的PHP URL编码函数…

// From http://snipplr.com/view/22246/base62-encode--decode/
private function base_encode($val, $base=62, $chars='0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ') {
    $str = '';
    do {
        $i = fmod($val, $base);
        $str = $chars[$i] . $str;
        $val = ($val - $i) / $base;
    } while($val > 0);
    return $str;
}

这是我所使用的:

# Generate a [0-9a-zA-Z] string
ALPHABET = map(str,range(0, 10)) + map(chr, range(97, 123) + range(65, 91))

def encode_id(id_number, alphabet=ALPHABET):
    """Convert an integer to a string."""
    if id_number == 0:
        return alphabet[0]

    alphabet_len = len(alphabet) # Cache

    result = ''
    while id_number > 0:
        id_number, mod = divmod(id_number, alphabet_len)
        result = alphabet[mod] + result

    return result

def decode_id(id_string, alphabet=ALPHABET):
    """Convert a string to an integer."""
    alphabet_len = len(alphabet) # Cache
    return sum([alphabet.index(char) * pow(alphabet_len, power) for power, char in enumerate(reversed(id_string))])

它非常快，可以取很长的整数。

下面是一个Node.js实现，可能是bit.ly。生成一个高度随机的七字符字符串。

它使用Node.js加密生成高度随机的25个字符集，而不是随机选择7个字符。

var crypto = require("crypto");
exports.shortURL = new function () {
    this.getShortURL = function () {
        var sURL = '',
            _rand = crypto.randomBytes(25).toString('hex'),
            _base = _rand.length;
        for (var i = 0; i < 7; i++)
            sURL += _rand.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * _rand.length));
        return sURL;
    };
}

public class UrlShortener {
    private static final String ALPHABET = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
    private static final int    BASE     = ALPHABET.length();

    public static String encode(int num) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        while ( num > 0 ) {
            sb.append( ALPHABET.charAt( num % BASE ) );
            num /= BASE;
        }
        return sb.reverse().toString();   
    }

    public static int decode(String str) {
        int num = 0;
        for ( int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++ )
            num = num * BASE + ALPHABET.indexOf(str.charAt(i));
        return num;
    }   
}