在这里，这个家伙写得很好，很简单:https://www.jeffknupp.com/blog/2014/06/18/improve-your-python-python-classes-and-object-oriented-programming/

阅读上面的链接作为参考:

self? So what's with that self parameter to all of the Customer methods? What is it? Why, it's the instance, of course! Put another way, a method like withdraw defines the instructions for withdrawing money from some abstract customer's account. Calling jeff.withdraw(100.0) puts those instructions to use on the jeff instance. So when we say def withdraw(self, amount):, we're saying, "here's how you withdraw money from a Customer object (which we'll call self) and a dollar figure (which we'll call amount). self is the instance of the Customer that withdraw is being called on. That's not me making analogies, either. jeff.withdraw(100.0) is just shorthand for Customer.withdraw(jeff, 100.0), which is perfectly valid (if not often seen) code. init self may make sense for other methods, but what about init? When we call init, we're in the process of creating an object, so how can there already be a self? Python allows us to extend the self pattern to when objects are constructed as well, even though it doesn't exactly fit. Just imagine that jeff = Customer('Jeff Knupp', 1000.0) is the same as calling jeff = Customer(jeff, 'Jeff Knupp', 1000.0); the jeff that's passed in is also made the result. This is why when we call init, we initialize objects by saying things like self.name = name. Remember, since self is the instance, this is equivalent to saying jeff.name = name, which is the same as jeff.name = 'Jeff Knupp. Similarly, self.balance = balance is the same as jeff.balance = 1000.0. After these two lines, we consider the Customer object "initialized" and ready for use. Be careful what you __init__ After init has finished, the caller can rightly assume that the object is ready to use. That is, after jeff = Customer('Jeff Knupp', 1000.0), we can start making deposit and withdraw calls on jeff; jeff is a fully-initialized object.

简而言之:

正如它所暗示的那样，Self指的是它自己——调用方法的对象。也就是说，如果你有N个对象调用这个方法，那么self。a将引用N个对象中每个对象的变量的一个单独实例。假设每个对象有N个变量a的副本 __init__在其他OOP语言(如c++ /Java)中被称为构造函数。基本思想是，它是一个特殊的方法，当创建该类的对象时自动调用

# Source: Class and Instance Variables
# https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/classes.html#class-and-instance-variables

class MyClass(object):
    # class variable
    my_CLS_var = 10

    # sets "init'ial" state to objects/instances, use self argument
    def __init__(self):
        # self usage => instance variable (per object)
        self.my_OBJ_var = 15

        # also possible, class name is used => init class variable
        MyClass.my_CLS_var = 20


def run_example_func():
    # PRINTS    10    (class variable)
    print MyClass.my_CLS_var

    # executes __init__ for obj1 instance
    # NOTE: __init__ changes class variable above
    obj1 = MyClass()

    # PRINTS    15    (instance variable)
    print obj1.my_OBJ_var

    # PRINTS    20    (class variable, changed value)
    print MyClass.my_CLS_var


run_example_func()

注意，self实际上可以是任何有效的python标识符。例如，从Chris B的例子中，我们可以简单地写:

class A(object):
    def __init__(foo):
        foo.x = 'Hello'

    def method_a(bar, foo):
        print bar.x + ' ' + foo

结果是一样的。然而，建议使用self，因为其他python更容易识别它。

__init__确实像一个构造函数。如果您希望任何类函数表现为非静态方法，则需要将“self”作为第一个参数传递给它们。self是类的实例变量。

我自己也很难理解。即使在看完答案之后。

要正确理解__init__方法，你需要理解self。

self参数

__init__方法接受的参数是:

def __init__(self, arg1, arg2):

但实际上我们只传递了两个参数:

instance = OurClass('arg1', 'arg2')

额外的论证从何而来?

当我们通过名称(或引用)访问对象的属性时。这里的instance是对新对象的引用。我们使用instance.printargs访问实例对象的printargs方法。

为了从__init__方法中访问对象属性，我们需要一个对象引用。

每当调用方法时，对主对象的引用将作为第一个参数传递。按照惯例，你总是调用方法self的第一个参数。

这意味着在__init__方法中我们可以这样做:

self.arg1 = arg1
self.arg2 = arg2

这里我们在对象上设置属性。您可以通过以下方法验证这一点:

instance = OurClass('arg1', 'arg2')
print instance.arg1
arg1

这样的值称为对象属性。这里__init__方法设置实例的arg1和arg2属性。

来源:http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/articles/OOP.shtml init方法