我认为主要的区别在于设计目标。 VIM是UNIX的工作编辑器。 Emacs是针对GNU和lisp黑客的，所以它有一些混合的设计元素。

我在我的工作站上使用vim，而我也喜欢emacs。

Seems an answer has been selected already, but the big difference to me has always been the modal vs. non-modal. Vim is modal, which means that it makes optimizations based on a specific set of usage modes. At least that's how I've always looked at it. This makes using Vim a different experience because instead of having a work area that you type code in, you really are telling an environment to act on the text. This is why people say things like with Vim you really are learning a language. The :wq and :s/foo/bar is all part of a shell like environment that edits and reads text.

Emacs on the other hand is much closer to most editors/word processors/etc. you see today. You have a workspace that has a highly programmable interface. That is why you see things like email, irc, shells, etc. As a programmer it is easy to think in terms of saying "take the line number I'm on and do something with the information". The desire to leave the editor becomes less because instead of having to quit, open some other app/language and do things on some text, you have Emacs where you can do these things within the scope of your editor.

这两种观点并不一定是对立的，只是它们揭示了两个不同的焦点。就我个人而言，我使用Emacs，但我见过非常了解Vim的人，他们可以诚实地说，选择哪种并不重要。我首先尝试了Vim，但Emacs最终支持了我。的确，无论您选择什么，您都应该至少在一定程度上精通Vim，因为它总是可用的。

Vim was always faster to start up than Emacs. I'm saying that on any machine, out-of-the-box installs of Vim will start up faster than out-of-the-box installs of Emacs. And I tend to think that after a moderate amount of customisation of either one, Vim will still start up faster than Emacs. After that, the other practical difference was Emacs' modes. They make your life tremendously easier when editing XML, C/C++/Java/whatever, LaTeX, and most popular languages you can think of. They make you want to keep the editor open for long sessions and work.

总而言之，我会说Vim让您使用它来完成简短、快速的编辑任务;而Emacs则鼓励您投入长时间的会话。

击键执行::: Vi编辑将保留键入键的每个排列。这将在决策树中创建一个路径，该路径明确地标识任何命令，而Emacs命令是立即执行的键入键的组合，使用户可以选择是否使用命令。

内存使用和可定制性::: vi是一个更小更快的程序，自定义能力更有限，而Emacs启动时间更长，需要更多内存。然而，它是高度可定制的，并且包含大量的特性，因为它本质上是为文本编辑而设计的Lisp程序的执行环境。

对于我来说，选择使用emacs而不是vim的最大区别是emacs内置的gdb支持。Vim的默认发行版中并没有包含这个功能，而且用于集成gdb和Vim的项目几乎不可能使用MacVim

Vim:

作为一个简单的编辑器更好(简单任务所需的键更少) 更活跃的脚本社区-内部语言:vimscript 一个集中的脚本、插件、配色方案…… 在python、ruby中也可扩展 可移植(emacs在这方面存在一些问题)

Emacs:

non modal by default (most of today's editors have taken this approach). Though there is evil-mode which emulates vim behavior. more powerful language for extending it (elisp is a full blown language, and in emacs you can practically redefine everything; while in vim you cannot redefine build in functions of the editor. On the downside, vimscript is relatively similar to today's dynamic languages while elisp doesn't resemble pretty much anything) more extendible excellent support for GNU tools (the bunch of them)

就我个人而言，我更喜欢vim——它很小，做了它应该做的事情，当我想要一个完整的IDE时，我打开它VS. Emacs的方法是一个编辑器，它想成为一个IDE(或者我应该说，一个操作系统)，但并不完全，在我看来，过时了。以前有电子邮件客户端、ftp客户端、俄罗斯方块……一个包(emacs)中的东西是有意义的……如今，它不再是了。

然而，这两者都是程序员和超级用户社区用户之间的宗教讨论话题，在这方面，如果接触(在同一句话/问题中)，两者都很适合开始激烈的战争。