我知道PHP还没有本地枚举。但是我已经习惯了来自Java世界的它们。我喜欢使用枚举来提供ide的自动补全功能能够理解的预定义值。
常量可以解决这个问题,但是存在名称空间冲突问题,而且(实际上是因为)它们是全局的。数组没有名称空间的问题,但是它们太模糊了,它们可以在运行时被覆盖,而且ide很少知道如何在没有额外的静态分析注释或属性的情况下自动填充它们的键。
你有什么常用的解决方案/变通办法吗?有人记得PHP的人对枚举有什么想法或决定吗?
我知道PHP还没有本地枚举。但是我已经习惯了来自Java世界的它们。我喜欢使用枚举来提供ide的自动补全功能能够理解的预定义值。
常量可以解决这个问题,但是存在名称空间冲突问题,而且(实际上是因为)它们是全局的。数组没有名称空间的问题,但是它们太模糊了,它们可以在运行时被覆盖,而且ide很少知道如何在没有额外的静态分析注释或属性的情况下自动填充它们的键。
你有什么常用的解决方案/变通办法吗?有人记得PHP的人对枚举有什么想法或决定吗?
当前回答
下面是一个github库,用于在php中处理类型安全的枚举:
这个库处理类生成、类缓存,并实现了Type Safe Enumeration设计模式,使用几个辅助方法来处理枚举,比如为枚举排序检索序号,或为枚举组合检索二进制值。
生成的代码使用一个普通的旧php模板文件,该文件也是可配置的,因此您可以提供自己的模板。
它是由phpunit覆盖的完整测试。
Php-enums在github (feel free to fork)
用法:(@参见Usage .php或单元测试了解更多细节)
<?php
//require the library
require_once __DIR__ . '/src/Enum.func.php';
//if you don't have a cache directory, create one
@mkdir(__DIR__ . '/cache');
EnumGenerator::setDefaultCachedClassesDir(__DIR__ . '/cache');
//Class definition is evaluated on the fly:
Enum('FruitsEnum', array('apple' , 'orange' , 'rasberry' , 'bannana'));
//Class definition is cached in the cache directory for later usage:
Enum('CachedFruitsEnum', array('apple' , 'orange' , 'rasberry' , 'bannana'), '\my\company\name\space', true);
echo 'FruitsEnum::APPLE() == FruitsEnum::APPLE(): ';
var_dump(FruitsEnum::APPLE() == FruitsEnum::APPLE()) . "\n";
echo 'FruitsEnum::APPLE() == FruitsEnum::ORANGE(): ';
var_dump(FruitsEnum::APPLE() == FruitsEnum::ORANGE()) . "\n";
echo 'FruitsEnum::APPLE() instanceof Enum: ';
var_dump(FruitsEnum::APPLE() instanceof Enum) . "\n";
echo 'FruitsEnum::APPLE() instanceof FruitsEnum: ';
var_dump(FruitsEnum::APPLE() instanceof FruitsEnum) . "\n";
echo "->getName()\n";
foreach (FruitsEnum::iterator() as $enum)
{
echo " " . $enum->getName() . "\n";
}
echo "->getValue()\n";
foreach (FruitsEnum::iterator() as $enum)
{
echo " " . $enum->getValue() . "\n";
}
echo "->getOrdinal()\n";
foreach (CachedFruitsEnum::iterator() as $enum)
{
echo " " . $enum->getOrdinal() . "\n";
}
echo "->getBinary()\n";
foreach (CachedFruitsEnum::iterator() as $enum)
{
echo " " . $enum->getBinary() . "\n";
}
输出:
FruitsEnum::APPLE() == FruitsEnum::APPLE(): bool(true)
FruitsEnum::APPLE() == FruitsEnum::ORANGE(): bool(false)
FruitsEnum::APPLE() instanceof Enum: bool(true)
FruitsEnum::APPLE() instanceof FruitsEnum: bool(true)
->getName()
APPLE
ORANGE
RASBERRY
BANNANA
->getValue()
apple
orange
rasberry
bannana
->getValue() when values have been specified
pig
dog
cat
bird
->getOrdinal()
1
2
3
4
->getBinary()
1
2
4
8
其他回答
class DayOfWeek {
static $values = array(
self::MONDAY,
self::TUESDAY,
// ...
);
const MONDAY = 0;
const TUESDAY = 1;
// ...
}
$today = DayOfWeek::MONDAY;
// If you want to check if a value is valid
assert( in_array( $today, DayOfWeek::$values ) );
不要使用反射。这使得你很难推断你的代码并追踪某些东西被使用的位置,而且往往会破坏静态分析工具(例如你的IDE中内置的工具)。
下面的Enum类定义是强类型的,使用和定义都很自然。
定义:
class Fruit extends Enum {
static public $APPLE = 1;
static public $ORANGE = 2;
}
Fruit::initialize(); //Can also be called in autoloader
切换Enum
$myFruit = Fruit::$APPLE;
switch ($myFruit) {
case Fruit::$APPLE : echo "I like apples\n"; break;
case Fruit::$ORANGE : echo "I hate oranges\n"; break;
}
>> I like apples
传递Enum作为参数(强类型)
/** Function only accepts Fruit enums as input**/
function echoFruit(Fruit $fruit) {
echo $fruit->getName().": ".$fruit->getValue()."\n";
}
/** Call function with each Enum value that Fruit has */
foreach (Fruit::getList() as $fruit) {
echoFruit($fruit);
}
//Call function with Apple enum
echoFruit(Fruit::$APPLE)
//Will produce an error. This solution is strongly typed
echoFruit(2);
>> APPLE: 1
>> ORANGE: 2
>> APPLE: 1
>> Argument 1 passed to echoFruit() must be an instance of Fruit, integer given
以字符串形式返回Enum
echo "I have an $myFruit\n";
>> I have an APPLE
通过整数获取Enum
$myFruit = Fruit::getByValue(2);
echo "Now I have an $myFruit\n";
>> Now I have an ORANGE
按名称获取Enum
$myFruit = Fruit::getByName("APPLE");
echo "But I definitely prefer an $myFruit\n\n";
>> But I definitely prefer an APPLE
枚举类:
/**
* @author Torge Kummerow
*/
class Enum {
/**
* Holds the values for each type of Enum
*/
static private $list = array();
/**
* Initializes the enum values by replacing the number with an instance of itself
* using reflection
*/
static public function initialize() {
$className = get_called_class();
$class = new ReflectionClass($className);
$staticProperties = $class->getStaticProperties();
self::$list[$className] = array();
foreach ($staticProperties as $propertyName => &$value) {
if ($propertyName == 'list')
continue;
$enum = new $className($propertyName, $value);
$class->setStaticPropertyValue($propertyName, $enum);
self::$list[$className][$propertyName] = $enum;
} unset($value);
}
/**
* Gets the enum for the given value
*
* @param integer $value
* @throws Exception
*
* @return Enum
*/
static public function getByValue($value) {
$className = get_called_class();
foreach (self::$list[$className] as $propertyName=>&$enum) {
/* @var $enum Enum */
if ($enum->value == $value)
return $enum;
} unset($enum);
throw new Exception("No such enum with value=$value of type ".get_called_class());
}
/**
* Gets the enum for the given name
*
* @param string $name
* @throws Exception
*
* @return Enum
*/
static public function getByName($name) {
$className = get_called_class();
if (array_key_exists($name, static::$list[$className]))
return self::$list[$className][$name];
throw new Exception("No such enum ".get_called_class()."::\$$name");
}
/**
* Returns the list of all enum variants
* @return Array of Enum
*/
static public function getList() {
$className = get_called_class();
return self::$list[$className];
}
private $name;
private $value;
public function __construct($name, $value) {
$this->name = $name;
$this->value = $value;
}
public function __toString() {
return $this->name;
}
public function getValue() {
return $this->value;
}
public function getName() {
return $this->name;
}
}
除了
当然,您也可以为ide添加注释
class Fruit extends Enum {
/**
* This comment is for autocomplete support in common IDEs
* @var Fruit A yummy apple
*/
static public $APPLE = 1;
/**
* This comment is for autocomplete support in common IDEs
* @var Fruit A sour orange
*/
static public $ORANGE = 2;
}
//This can also go to the autoloader if available.
Fruit::initialize();
如果您需要使用全局唯一的enum(即即使在不同enum之间比较元素时)并且易于使用,请随意使用以下代码。我还添加了一些我认为有用的方法。您可以在代码顶部的注释中找到示例。
<?php
/**
* Class Enum
*
* @author Christopher Fox <christopher.fox@gmx.de>
*
* @version 1.0
*
* This class provides the function of an enumeration.
* The values of Enum elements are unique (even between different Enums)
* as you would expect them to be.
*
* Constructing a new Enum:
* ========================
*
* In the following example we construct an enum called "UserState"
* with the elements "inactive", "active", "banned" and "deleted".
*
* <code>
* Enum::Create('UserState', 'inactive', 'active', 'banned', 'deleted');
* </code>
*
* Using Enums:
* ============
*
* The following example demonstrates how to compare two Enum elements
*
* <code>
* var_dump(UserState::inactive == UserState::banned); // result: false
* var_dump(UserState::active == UserState::active); // result: true
* </code>
*
* Special Enum methods:
* =====================
*
* Get the number of elements in an Enum:
*
* <code>
* echo UserState::CountEntries(); // result: 4
* </code>
*
* Get a list with all elements of the Enum:
*
* <code>
* $allUserStates = UserState::GetEntries();
* </code>
*
* Get a name of an element:
*
* <code>
* echo UserState::GetName(UserState::deleted); // result: deleted
* </code>
*
* Get an integer ID for an element (e.g. to store as a value in a database table):
* This is simply the index of the element (beginning with 1).
* Note that this ID is only unique for this Enum but now between different Enums.
*
* <code>
* echo UserState::GetDatabaseID(UserState::active); // result: 2
* </code>
*/
class Enum
{
/**
* @var Enum $instance The only instance of Enum (Singleton)
*/
private static $instance;
/**
* @var array $enums An array of all enums with Enum names as keys
* and arrays of element names as values
*/
private $enums;
/**
* Constructs (the only) Enum instance
*/
private function __construct()
{
$this->enums = array();
}
/**
* Constructs a new enum
*
* @param string $name The class name for the enum
* @param mixed $_ A list of strings to use as names for enum entries
*/
public static function Create($name, $_)
{
// Create (the only) Enum instance if this hasn't happened yet
if (self::$instance===null)
{
self::$instance = new Enum();
}
// Fetch the arguments of the function
$args = func_get_args();
// Exclude the "name" argument from the array of function arguments,
// so only the enum element names remain in the array
array_shift($args);
self::$instance->add($name, $args);
}
/**
* Creates an enumeration if this hasn't happened yet
*
* @param string $name The class name for the enum
* @param array $fields The names of the enum elements
*/
private function add($name, $fields)
{
if (!array_key_exists($name, $this->enums))
{
$this->enums[$name] = array();
// Generate the code of the class for this enumeration
$classDeclaration = "class " . $name . " {\n"
. "private static \$name = '" . $name . "';\n"
. $this->getClassConstants($name, $fields)
. $this->getFunctionGetEntries($name)
. $this->getFunctionCountEntries($name)
. $this->getFunctionGetDatabaseID()
. $this->getFunctionGetName()
. "}";
// Create the class for this enumeration
eval($classDeclaration);
}
}
/**
* Returns the code of the class constants
* for an enumeration. These are the representations
* of the elements.
*
* @param string $name The class name for the enum
* @param array $fields The names of the enum elements
*
* @return string The code of the class constants
*/
private function getClassConstants($name, $fields)
{
$constants = '';
foreach ($fields as $field)
{
// Create a unique ID for the Enum element
// This ID is unique because class and variables
// names can't contain a semicolon. Therefore we
// can use the semicolon as a separator here.
$uniqueID = $name . ";" . $field;
$constants .= "const " . $field . " = '". $uniqueID . "';\n";
// Store the unique ID
array_push($this->enums[$name], $uniqueID);
}
return $constants;
}
/**
* Returns the code of the function "GetEntries()"
* for an enumeration
*
* @param string $name The class name for the enum
*
* @return string The code of the function "GetEntries()"
*/
private function getFunctionGetEntries($name)
{
$entryList = '';
// Put the unique element IDs in single quotes and
// separate them with commas
foreach ($this->enums[$name] as $key => $entry)
{
if ($key > 0) $entryList .= ',';
$entryList .= "'" . $entry . "'";
}
return "public static function GetEntries() { \n"
. " return array(" . $entryList . ");\n"
. "}\n";
}
/**
* Returns the code of the function "CountEntries()"
* for an enumeration
*
* @param string $name The class name for the enum
*
* @return string The code of the function "CountEntries()"
*/
private function getFunctionCountEntries($name)
{
// This function will simply return a constant number (e.g. return 5;)
return "public static function CountEntries() { \n"
. " return " . count($this->enums[$name]) . ";\n"
. "}\n";
}
/**
* Returns the code of the function "GetDatabaseID()"
* for an enumeration
*
* @return string The code of the function "GetDatabaseID()"
*/
private function getFunctionGetDatabaseID()
{
// Check for the index of this element inside of the array
// of elements and add +1
return "public static function GetDatabaseID(\$entry) { \n"
. "\$key = array_search(\$entry, self::GetEntries());\n"
. " return \$key + 1;\n"
. "}\n";
}
/**
* Returns the code of the function "GetName()"
* for an enumeration
*
* @return string The code of the function "GetName()"
*/
private function getFunctionGetName()
{
// Remove the class name from the unique ID
// and return this value (which is the element name)
return "public static function GetName(\$entry) { \n"
. "return substr(\$entry, strlen(self::\$name) + 1 , strlen(\$entry));\n"
. "}\n";
}
}
?>
我所见过的PHP中枚举最常见的解决方案是创建一个通用枚举类,然后扩展它。你可以看看这个。
更新:或者,我从phpclasses.org找到了这个。
还有一个本地扩展。的SplEnum
脾提供了模拟和创建枚举对象的能力 原生的PHP。
http://www.php.net/manual/en/class.splenum.php
注意:
https://www.php.net/manual/en/spl-types.installation.php
PECL扩展没有与PHP绑定。 此PECL扩展的DLL目前不可用。