char s[] = "Hello world";

这里，s是一个字符数组，如果我们愿意，它可以被覆盖。

char *s = "hello";

字符串字面值用于在内存中的某个地方创建这些字符块。我们可以通过改变它所指向的对象来重新赋值，但只要它指向一个字符串字面值，它所指向的字符块就不能被改变。

根据这里的注释，应该很明显:char * s = "hello"; 是一个坏主意，应该在非常狭窄的范围内使用。

这可能是指出“const正确性”是一件“好事”的好机会。无论何时何地，你可以使用“const”关键字来保护你的代码，不受“宽松”的调用者或程序员的影响，当指针开始发挥作用时，它们通常是最“宽松”的。

这就是用“const”修饰指针所能达到的效果。 (注意:必须从右向左阅读指针声明。) 以下是在使用指针时保护自己的3种不同方法:

const DBJ* p means "p points to a DBJ that is const" 

-也就是说，DBJ对象不能通过p改变。

DBJ* const p means "p is a const pointer to a DBJ" 

-也就是说，你可以通过p改变DBJ对象，但你不能改变指针p本身。

const DBJ* const p means "p is a const pointer to a const DBJ" 

-也就是说，你不能改变指针p本身，也不能通过p改变DBJ对象。

与尝试常量突变相关的错误在编译时被捕获。const没有运行时空间或速度损失。

(当然，假设你使用的是c++编译器?)

——日本

char s[] = "Hello world";

这里，s是一个字符数组，如果我们愿意，它可以被覆盖。

char *s = "hello";

字符串字面值用于在内存中的某个地方创建这些字符块。我们可以通过改变它所指向的对象来重新赋值，但只要它指向一个字符串字面值，它所指向的字符块就不能被改变。

c99n1256草案

字符串字面量有两种不同的用法:

Initialize char[]: char c[] = "abc"; This is "more magic", and described at 6.7.8/14 "Initialization": An array of character type may be initialized by a character string literal, optionally enclosed in braces. Successive characters of the character string literal (including the terminating null character if there is room or if the array is of unknown size) initialize the elements of the array. So this is just a shortcut for: char c[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', '\0'}; Like any other regular array, c can be modified. Everywhere else: it generates an: unnamed array of char What is the type of string literals in C and C++? with static storage that gives UB if modified So when you write: char *c = "abc"; This is similar to: /* __unnamed is magic because modifying it gives UB. */ static char __unnamed[] = "abc"; char *c = __unnamed; Note the implicit cast from char[] to char *, which is always legal. Then if you modify c[0], you also modify __unnamed, which is UB. This is documented at 6.4.5 "String literals": 5 In translation phase 7, a byte or code of value zero is appended to each multibyte character sequence that results from a string literal or literals. The multibyte character sequence is then used to initialize an array of static storage duration and length just sufficient to contain the sequence. For character string literals, the array elements have type char, and are initialized with the individual bytes of the multibyte character sequence [...] 6 It is unspecified whether these arrays are distinct provided their elements have the appropriate values. If the program attempts to modify such an array, the behavior is undefined.

6.7.8/32“初始化”给出了一个直接的例子:

EXAMPLE 8: The declaration char s[] = "abc", t[3] = "abc"; defines "plain" char array objects s and t whose elements are initialized with character string literals. This declaration is identical to char s[] = { 'a', 'b', 'c', '\0' }, t[] = { 'a', 'b', 'c' }; The contents of the arrays are modifiable. On the other hand, the declaration char *p = "abc"; defines p with type "pointer to char" and initializes it to point to an object with type "array of char" with length 4 whose elements are initialized with a character string literal. If an attempt is made to use p to modify the contents of the array, the behavior is undefined.

GCC 4.8 x86-64 ELF实现

计划:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    char *s = "abc";
    printf("%s\n", s);
    return 0;
}

编译和反编译:

gcc -ggdb -std=c99 -c main.c
objdump -Sr main.o

输出包含:

 char *s = "abc";
8:  48 c7 45 f8 00 00 00    movq   $0x0,-0x8(%rbp)
f:  00 
        c: R_X86_64_32S .rodata

结论:GCC将char* it存储在.rodata部分，而不是在.text中。

但是请注意，默认的链接器脚本将.rodata和.text放在同一个段中，该段有执行权限，但没有写权限。这可以观察到:

readelf -l a.out

它包含:

 Section to Segment mapping:
  Segment Sections...
   02     .text .rodata

如果我们对char[]做同样的操作:

 char s[] = "abc";

我们获得:

17:   c7 45 f0 61 62 63 00    movl   $0x636261,-0x10(%rbp)

因此它被存储在堆栈中(相对于%rbp)。

补充一点:它们的大小也会有不同的值。

printf("sizeof s[] = %zu\n", sizeof(s));  //6
printf("sizeof *s  = %zu\n", sizeof(s));  //4 or 8

如上所述，对于数组'\0'将被分配为最后一个元素。

不同之处在于

char *s = "Hello world";

将“Hello world”放置在内存的只读部分，并将s作为指向它的指针，使得对该内存的任何写入操作都是非法的。

虽然做的事情:

char s[] = "Hello world";

将字面值字符串放在只读内存中，并将字符串复制到堆栈上新分配的内存中。从而使

s[0] = 'J';

合法的。